计算机英语system,计算机英语 About Operating System

About operating system

An operating system,in computer science,is the basic software that controls a computer.It has three major functions:it coordinates and manipulates computer hardware;it organizes files on a variety of storage media;and it managers hardware errors and the loss of data.

Operating systems control different computer processes.One important process is interpreting commands,enabling the user to communicate with the computer.Some command interpreters are text-oriented.Other command interpreters use graphics and let the user communicate by pointing and clicking on a icon.Beginners generally find graphically oriented interpreters easier to use,but many experienced computer users prefer text-oriented command interpreters because they are more powerful.

Operating systems are either single-tasking or multitasking.All modern operating systems are multitasking and can run several processes simultaneously.A multitasking OS creates the illusion of several processes running simultaneously on the CPU. The most common mechanism used to create this illusion is time-slice multitasking,whereby each process is run individually for a fixed period of time. If the process is not completed within the allotted time,it is suspended and another process is run.

Consumers can select from several operating systems for their personal computers and handheld devices.Microsoft Windows,installed on more than 80% of the world's personal computers,is the best-selling operating system.And operating systems continue to evolve.

关于操作系统

在计算机科学中，操作系统是控制计算机的基本软件。它具有三个主要功能：协调和操纵计算机硬件，组织各种存储介质上的文件，以及管理硬件错误和数据丢失。

操作系统控制不同的计算机进程。一个重要的进程是解释命令，使得用户可以和计算机通信一些命令解释器是面向文本的，另一些命令解释器使用图形，并允许用户通过指点图形进行通信。初学者一般会发现面向图形的解释器比较容易使用，但许多有经验的计算机用户更喜欢面向文本的命令解释器，因为他们功能更强。

操作系统可以是单任务的，也可以是多任务。所有的现代操作系统都是多任务的，可以同时运行数个进程。多任务操作系统，制造了数个进程同时在一个中央处理器上运行的错觉，造成这种错觉的最常用的机制是分时段的多任务处理，靠这种方法每个进程单独运行一段固