python sklearn metrics_sklearn.metrics中的评估方法

1.confusion_matrix

利用混淆矩阵进行评估

混淆矩阵说白了就是一张表格-

所有正确的预测结果都在对角线上，所以从混淆矩阵中可以很方便直观的看出哪里有错误，因为他们呈现在对角线外面。

举个直观的例子

这个表格是一个混淆矩阵

正确的值是上边的表格，混淆矩阵是下面的表格，这就表示，apple应该有两个，但是只预测对了一个，其中一个判断为banana了，banana应该有8ge，但是5个预测对了3个判断为pear了，pear有应该有6个，但是2个判断为apple了，可见对角线上是正确的预测值，对角线之外的都是错误的。

这个混淆矩阵的实现代码

from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix

from sklearn.metrics import classification_report

y_test=["a","b","p","b","b","b","b","p","b","p","b","b","p","p","p","a"]

y_pred=["a","b","p","p","p","p","b","p","b","p","b","b","a","a","p","b"]

confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred,labels=["a", "b","p"])

#array([[1, 1, 0],

[0, 5, 3],

[2, 0, 4]], dtype=int64)

print(classification_report(y_test,y_pred))

##

precision recall f1-score support

a 0.33 0.50 0.40 2

b 0.83 0.62 0.71 8

p 0.57 0.67 0.62 6

avg / total 0.67 0.62 0.64 16

我传到github上面了

复现代码1

# Import necessary modules

from sklearn.metrics import classification_report

from sklearn.metrics import confusion_matrix

# Create training and test set

X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X,y,test_size=0.4,random_state=42)

# Instantiate a k-NN classifier: knn

knn = KNeighborsClassifier(6)

# Fit the classifier to the training data

knn.fit(X_train,y_train)

# Predict the labels of the test data: y_pred

y_pred = knn.predict(X_test)

# Generate the confusion matrix and classification report

print(confusion_matrix(y_test,y_pred))

print(classification_report(y_test,y_pred))

复现代码2

补充知识

先给一个二分类的例子

其他同理

TP(True Positive)：将正类预测为正类数，真实为0，预测也为0

FN(False Negative)：将正类预测为负类数，真实为0，预测为1

FP(False Positive)：将负类预测为正类数， 真实为1，预测为0

TN(True Negative)：将负类预测为负类数，真实为1，预测也为1

因此:预测性分类模型&