linux正则表达式grep,Linux下grep与正则表达式

在Linux下，我们经常会使用grep对一些结果进行过过滤，下面简单介绍一个grep和正则表达式结合的用法。

源文件如下：

1 "Open Source" is a good mechanism to develop programs.$

2 apple is my favorite food.$

3 Football game is not use feet only.$

4 this dress doesn't fit me.$

5 However, this dress is about $ 3183 dollars.^M$

6 GNU is free air not free beer.^M$

7 Her hair is very beauty.^M$

8 I can't finish the test.^M$

9 Oh! The soup taste good.^M$

10 motorcycle is cheap than car.$

11 This window is clear.$

12 the symbol '*' is represented as start.$

13 Oh!^IMy god!$

14 The gd software is a library for drafting programs.^M$

15 You are the best is mean you are the no. 1.$

16 The world is the same with "glad".$

17 I like dog.$

18 google is the best tools for search keyword.$

19 goooooogle yes!$

20 go! go! Let's go.$

21 # I am VBird$

22 $

查找特定字符串

查找the这个特定字符串：grep -n 'the' regular_express.txt

grep -n 'the' regular_express.txt

查找不包含the这个字符的行：grep -vn 'the' regular_express.txt

grep -vn 'the' regular_express.txt

忽略大小写查找包含the的行：grep -in 'the' regular_express.txt

grep -in 'the' regular_express.txt

利用中括号[]来查找集合字符

比如我想查找test或者taste这两个单词时，可以这么写：grep -n 't[ae]st' regular_express.txt (不论方括号里面有几个字符，它都只代表一个字符

grep -n 't[ae]st' regular_express.txt

如果不想要oo前面有g的话，可以这么写：grep -n '[^g]oo' regular_express.txt ([^g]中的^表示反向选择，即表示oo前面不能是g)

grep -n '[^g]oo' regular_express.txt

假如我oo前面不能有小写字符：grep -n '[^a-z]oo' regular_express.txt (a-z就表示小写字符，还有另外一种写法使用特殊字符[:lower:],这个也是表示小写字母-grep -n '[^[:lower:]]oo' regular_express.txt)

grep -n '[^a-z]oo' regular_express.txt

行首和行尾字符^ 和 $

查找到一行中行首为the的：grep -n '^the' regular_express.txt

grep -n '^the' regular_express.txt

查找不以小写字符开头的：grep -n '[a-z]' regular_express.txt(这里需要注意^ 在[]的里面和外面是两个不同的概念，在[]里面表示反向选择，在[]外面表示定位在行首的意义)

grep -n '^[^a-z]' regular_express.txt

查找行尾是. d的： grep -n '.$' regular_express.txt, 这里有两个点需要注意第一是小数点.之前有一个转移符，这是因为.具有其他意义，因此需要使用转移符\来消除其特殊意义。第二点就是文件中的第5-9行并没有被打印出来。我们如果仔细看源文件的话或发现第5-9行的结尾是.^M$,这里涉及到一个Linux和windows的断行字符的问题，Linux是以LF(\n)断行，而windows是以CRLF(\r\n)断行，所以一般我们在Linux上面查看windows的文件，其结尾都是^M，所以我们在windows下编写的脚本放到Linux上运行之前需要小心，要去除掉这个字符，不然运行会报错。

grep -n '.$' regular_express.txt