Matplotlib风羽自定义

【前言】对于气象专业的小学生来说，风场是预报重要的参考数据，我们所知的风羽有四种：短线代表风速2m/s，长线代表风速4m/s，空心三角代表风速20m/s，实心三角代表风速50m/s。而matplotlib的风羽只有短线、长线、三角三种，而这里的三角不分空心实心，但是可通过改变风羽颜色为白色使三角变为空心形状，虽然这三种可以自定义各自代表的风速，但是仍与我们的使用习惯不符，即使把三角设成20m/s，原本一个实心三角就能表示的50m/s的风在matplotlib中需要两个三角外加两条长线一条短线。为了迎合预报员的需求，我在研究了matplotlib的风场函数barbs()的源代码quiver.py文件后，对quiver.py做了适当的调整，使得matplotlib也有了空心三角和实心三角之分。

一、函数barbs的使用

barb(X, Y, U, V,, **kw)

X：风场数据X坐标
Y：风场数据Y坐标
U：风的水平方向分量
V：风的垂直方向分量

'''
Demonstration of wind barb plots
'''
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 5)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, x)
U, V = 12*X, 12*Y
data = [(-1.5, .5, -6, -6),(1, -1, -46, 46),(-3, -1, 11, -11),(1, 1.5, 80, 80),(0.5, 0.25, 25, 15),(-1.5, -0.5, -5, 40)]
data = np.array(data, dtype=[('x', np.float32), ('y', np.float32), ('u', np.float32), ('v', np.float32)])
# Default parameters, uniform grid
ax = plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
ax.barbs(X, Y, U, V)
# Arbitrary set of vectors, make them longer and change the pivot point
#(point around which they're rotated) to be the middle
ax = plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
ax.barbs(data['x'], data['y'], data['u'], data['v'], length=8, pivot='middle')
# Showing colormapping with uniform grid. Fill the circle for an empty barb,
# don't round the values, and change some of the size parameters
ax = plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
ax.barbs(X, Y, U, V, np.sqrt(U*U + V*V), fill_empty=True, rounding=False,sizes=dict(emptybarb=0.25, spacing=0.2, height=0.3))
# Change colors as well as the increments for parts of the barbs
ax = plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
ax.barbs(data['x'], data['y'], data['u'], data['v'], flagcolor='r',barbcolor=['b', 'g'], barb_increments=dict(half=10, full=20, flag=100),flip_barb=True)
plt.show()

二、源代码解读

1.class Barbs()

class Barbs(mcollections.PolyCollection):
   @docstring.interpd
   def __init__(self, ax, *args, **kw):    
        '...'
   def _find_tails(self, mag, rounding=True, half=5, full=10, flag=50):
        '...'
   def _make_barbs(self, u, v, nflags, nbarbs, half_barb, empty_flag, length,pivot, sizes, fill_empty, flip):
        '...'
   def set_UVC(self, U, V, C=None):
        '...'
   def set_offsets(self, xy):
        '...'    

• 通过读源代码可知类Barbs有五个方法分别为__init__、_find_tails、_make_barbs、set_UVC、set_offsets。

2.__init__

    @docstring.interpd
    def __init__(self, ax, *args, **kw):
        """
        The constructor takes one required argument, an Axes
        instance, followed by the args and kwargs described
        by the following pylab interface documentation:
        %(barbs_doc)s
        """
        self._pivot = kw.pop('pivot', 'tip')
        self._length = kw.pop('length', 7)
        barbcolor = kw.pop('barbcolor', None)
        flagcolor = kw.pop('flagcolor', None)
        self.sizes = kw.pop('sizes', dict())
        self.fill_empty = kw.pop('fill_empty', False)
        self.barb_increments = kw.pop('barb_increments', dict())
        self.rounding = kw.pop('rounding', True)
        self.flip = kw.pop('flip_barb', False)
        transform = kw.pop('transform', ax.transData)

        # Flagcolor and and barbcolor provide convenience parameters for
        # setting the facecolor and edgecolor, respectively, of the barb
        # polygon.  We also work here to make the flag the same color as the
        # rest of the barb by default

        if None in (barbcolor, flagcolor):
            kw['edgecolors'] = 'face'
            if flagcolor:
                kw['facecolo