parse函数 python_python的parse_args（）函数

一旦我们指定了所有参数，就可以从标准命令行输入流中解析参数了。为此，我们使用parse_args()函数。

现在，可以简单地检查输入是否已调用特定参数。在这里，我们检查args.add的长度，以检查是否有任何从输入收到的数据。请注意，参数的值是作为列表获得的。

有两种类型的参数：Positional和Optional。

定位的那些是不需要调用任何规范的那些。然而，首先需要通过名称指定可选参数(以“ - ”符号开头，“ - ”也是速记。)

可以始终使用-help或-h可选参数来查看帮助消息。

这是一个例子(python脚本已保存为add.py)：

# importing the required modules

import os

import argparse

# error messages

INVALID_FILETYPE_MSG = "Error: Invalid file format. %s must be a .txt file."

INVALID_PATH_MSG = "Error: Invalid file path/name. Path %s does not exist."

def validate_file(file_name):

'''

validate file name and path.

'''

if not valid_path(file_name):

print(INVALID_PATH_MSG%(file_name))

quit()

elif not valid_filetype(file_name):

print(INVALID_FILETYPE_MSG%(file_name))

quit()

return

def valid_filetype(file_name):

# validate file type

return file_name.endswith('.txt')

def valid_path(path):

# validate file path

return os.path.exists(path)

def read(args):

# get the file name/path

file_name = args.read[0]

# validate the file name/path

validate_file(file_name)

# read and print the file content

with open(file_name, 'r') as f:

print(f.read())

def show(args):

# get path to directory

dir_path = args.show[0]

# validate path

if not valid_path(dir_path):

print("Error: No such directory found.")

exit()

# get text files in directory

files = [f for f in os.listdir(dir_path) if valid_filetype(f)]

print("{} text files found.".format(len(files)))

print('\n'.join(f for f in files))

def delete(args):

# get the file name/path

file_name = args.delete[0]

# validate the file name/path

validate_file(file_name)

# delete the file

os.remove(file_name)

print("Successfully deleted {}.".format(file_name))

def copy(args):

# file to be copied

file1 = args.copy[0]

# file to copy upon

file2 = args.copy[1]

# validate the file to be copied

validate_file(file1)

# validate the type of file 2

if not valid_filetype(file2):

print(INVALID_FILETYPE_MSG%(file2))

exit()

# copy file1 to file2

with open(file1, 'r') as f1:

with open(file2, 'w') as f2:

f2.write(f1.read())

print("Successfully copied {} to {}.".format(file1, file2))

def rename(args):

# old file name

old_filename = args.rename[0]

# new file name

new_filename = args.rename[1]

# validate the file to be renamed

validate_file(old_filename)

# validate the type of new file name

if not valid_filetype(new_filename):

print(INVALID_FILETYPE_MSG%(new_filename))

exit()