python中pos_pytorch+lstm实现的pos示例

学了几天终于大概明白pytorch怎么用了

这个是直接搬运的官方文档的代码

之后会自己试着实现其他nlp的任务

# Author: Robert Guthrie

import torch

import torch.autograd as autograd

import torch.nn as nn

import torch.nn.functional as F

import torch.optim as optim

torch.manual_seed(1)

lstm = nn.LSTM(3, 3) # Input dim is 3, output dim is 3

inputs = [autograd.Variable(torch.randn((1, 3)))

for _ in range(5)] # make a sequence of length 5

# initialize the hidden state.

hidden = (autograd.Variable(torch.randn(1, 1, 3)),

autograd.Variable(torch.randn((1, 1, 3))))

for i in inputs:

# Step through the sequence one element at a time.

# after each step, hidden contains the hidden state.

out, hidden = lstm(i.view(1, 1, -1), hidden)

# alternatively, we can do the entire sequence all at once.

# the first value returned by LSTM is all of the hidden states throughout

# the sequence. the second is just the most recent hidden state

# (compare the last slice of "out" with "hidden" below, they are the same)

# The reason for this is that:

# "out" will give you access to all hidden states in the sequence

# "hidden" will allow you to continue the sequence and backpropagate,

# by passing it as an argument to the lstm at a later time

# Add the extra 2nd dimension

inputs = torch.cat(inputs).view(len(inputs), 1, -1)

hidden = (autograd.Variable(torch.randn(1, 1, 3)), autograd.Variable(

torch.randn((1, 1, 3)))) # clean out hidden state

out, hidden = lstm(inputs, hidden)

#print(out)

#print(hidden)

#准备数据

def prepare_sequence(seq, to_ix):

idxs = [to_ix[w] for w in seq]

tensor = torch.LongTensor(idxs)

return autograd.Variable(tensor)

training_data = [

("The dog ate the apple".split(), ["DET", "NN", "V", "DET", "NN"]),

("Everybody read that book".split(), ["NN", "V", "DET", "NN"])

]

word_to_ix = {}

for sent, tags in training_data:

for word in sent:

if word not in word_to_ix:

word_to_ix[word] = len(word_to_ix)

print(word_to_ix)

tag_to_ix = {"DET": 0, "NN": 1, "V": 2}

# These will usually be more like 32 or 64 dimensional.

# We will keep them small, so we can see how the weights change as we train.

EMBEDDING_DIM = 6

HIDDEN_DIM = 6

#继承自nn.module

class LSTMTagger(nn.Module):

def __init__(self, embedding_dim, hidden_dim, vocab_size, tagset_size):

super(LSTMTagger, self).__init__()

self.hidden_dim = hidden_dim

#一个单词数量到embedding维数的矩阵

self.word_embeddings = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embedding_dim)

#传入两个维度参数

# The LSTM takes word embeddings as inputs, and outputs hidden states

# with dimensionality hidden_dim.

self.lstm = nn.LSTM(embedding_dim, hidden_dim)

#线性layer从隐藏状态空间映射到tag便签

# The linear layer that maps from hidden state space to tag space

self.hidden2tag = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, tagset_size)

self.hidden = self.init_hidden()

def init_hidden(self):

# Before we've done anything, we dont have any hidden state.

# Refer to the Pytorch documentation to see exactly

# why they have this dimensionality.

# The axes semantics are (num_layers, minibatch_size, hidden_dim)

return (autograd.Variable(torch.zeros(1, 1, self.hidden_dim)),

autograd.Variable(torch.zeros(1, 1, self.hidden_dim)))

def forward(self, sentence):

embeds = self.word_embeddings(sentence)

lstm_out, self.hidden = self.lstm(embeds.view(len(sentence), 1, -1), self.hidden)

tag_space = self.hidden2tag(lstm_out.view(len(sentence), -1))

tag_scores = F.log_softmax(tag_space)

return tag_scores

#embedding维度，hidden维度，词语数量，标签数量

model = LSTMTagger(EMBEDDING_DIM, HIDDEN_DIM, len(word_to_ix), len(tag_to_ix))

#optim中存了各种优化算法

loss_function = nn.NLLLoss()

optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.1)

# See what the scores are before training

# Note that element i,j of the output is the score for tag j for word i.

inputs = prepare_sequence(training_data[0][0], word_to_ix)

tag_scores = model(inputs)

print(tag_scores)

for epoch in range(300): # again, normally you would NOT do 300 epochs, it is toy data

for sentence, tags in training_data:

# Step 1. Remember that Pytorch accumulates gradients.

# We need to clear them out before each instance

model.zero_grad()

# Also, we need to clear out the hidden state of the LSTM,

# detaching it from its history on the last instance.

model.hidden = model.init_hidden()

# Step 2. Get our inputs ready for the network, that is, turn them into

# Variables of word indices.

sentence_in = prepare_sequence(sentence, word_to_ix)

targets = prepare_sequence(tags, tag_to_ix)

# Step 3. Run our forward pass.

tag_scores = model(sentence_in)

# Step 4. Compute the loss, gradients, and update the parameters by

# calling optimizer.step()

loss = loss_function(tag_scores, targets)

loss.backward()

optimizer.step()

# See what the scores are after training

inputs = prepare_sequence(training_data[0][0], word_to_ix)

tag_scores = model(inputs)

# The sentence is "the dog ate the apple". i,j corresponds to score for tag j

# for word i. The predicted tag is the maximum scoring tag.

# Here, we can see the predicted sequence below is 0 1 2 0 1

# since 0 is index of the maximum value of row 1,

# 1 is the index of maximum value of row 2, etc.

# Which is DET NOUN VERB DET NOUN, the correct sequence!

print(tag_scores)

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