二阶齐次线性微分方程的通解公式_二阶常系数齐次线性微分方程 通解

满意答案

yanweishizu

2013.07.12

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y'' - 2y' + 5y = 0,

设y = e^[f(x)],则

y' = e^[f(x)]*f'(x),

y''= e^[f(x)]*[f'(x)]^2 + e^[f(x)]*f''(x).

0 = y'' - 2y' + 5y = e^[f(x)]*[f'(x)]^2 + e^[f(x)]*f''(x) - 2e^[f(x)]*f'(x) + 5e^[f(x)],

0 = [f'(x)]^2 + f''(x) - 2f'(x) + 5,

当f(x) = ax + b, a,b是常数时。

f''(x) = 0,

f'(x) = a.

0 = a^2 - 2a + 5.

2^2 - 4*5 = -16 < 0.(2^2-4*5)^(1/2)=4i.

a = [2 + 4i]/2 = 1 + 2i或a = [2-4i]/2 = 1 - 2i.

y = e^[f(x)] = e^[ax+b] = e^[(1+2