php isoptional,Java8新特性学习（二）- Optional类

Java8新特性学习(二)- Optional类

发布时间：2019-02-20 22:03,

浏览次数：419

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Java

Optional

<>背景

Optional是一个容器，用来管理一个对象。主要是用来解决null和NullPointerException问题。

<>Java7 -> Java8 Optional是如何简化你的代码

假设有一个Student类

@Data public class Student { private String name; private Integer age; public

Student() { } public Student(String name, Integer age) { this.name = name; this.

age= age; } }

举例一

//java7 private String getJava7UpperCaseStudentName(Student student) { if (

student!= null) { String name = student.getName(); if (name != null) { return

name.toUpperCase(); } } return null; } //java8 private String

getJava8UpperCaseStudentName(Student student) { return Optional.ofNullable(

student).map(Student::getName).map(String::toUpperCase).orElse(null); }

举例二

@Test public void testOptionalOrElse() { Student origin = null; Student

defaultStudent= new Student("default", -1); //java7 Student java7Student =

origin!= null ? origin : defaultStudent; //java8 Student java8Student = Optional

.ofNullable(origin).orElse(defaultStudent); System.out.println("java7Student : "

+ java7Student); System.out.println("java8Student : " + java8Student); }

可见，使用Optional可以简化代码。

<>用法及测试

of()、ofNullable()和empty()

@Test public void testEmptyOptional() { Optional emptyOptional =

Optional.empty(); System.out.println("emptyOptional.isPresent:" + emptyOptional.

isPresent()); } @Test public void testOptional() { Optional

nullStudentOptional= Optional.ofNullable(null); Optional

studentOptional= Optional.of(new Student("a", 1)); System.out.println(

"nullStudentOptional:" + nullStudentOptional.orElse(null)); System.out.println(

"studentOptional:" + studentOptional.orElse(null)); }

输出结果

emptyOptional.isPresent:false nullStudentOptional:null

studentOptional:Student(name=a, age=1)

of()函数传入的Object不能为空，否则会直接抛出空指针异常

ofNullable()函数传入的Object可为空

empty()函数会创建一个空的Optional对象，其value为null

isPresent()

@Test public void testOptionalIsPresent() { Optional

nullStudentOptional= Optional.ofNullable(null); Optional

studentOptional= Optional.of(new Student("a", 1)); System.out.println(

"nullStudentOptional.isPresent():" + nullStudentOptional.isPresent()); System.

out.println("studentOptional.isPresent():" + studentOptional.isPresent()); }

输出结果

nullStudentOptional.isPresent():false studentOptional.isPresent():true

isPresent()函数会判断当前Optional容器保存的对象是否不为空，true表示不为空，false表示为空

IfPresent()

@Test public void testOptionalIfPresent() { Optional studentOptional1

= Optional.of(new Student("a", 1)); studentOptional1.ifPresent(student -> {

System.out.println("accept student:" + student); student.setAge(student.getAge()

* 2); student.setName(student.getName() + "-accept"); }); System.out.println(

"after accept student:" + studentOptional1.orElse(null)); }

运行结果

accept student:Student(name=a, age=1) after accept

student:Student(name=a-accept, age=2)

orElseThrow()、orElseGet()

@Test public void testOptionalOrElseThrow() { Optional studentOptional

= Optional.ofNullable(null); Student student = studentOptional.orElseThrow(() ->

new NullPointerException("studentOptional is null")); System.out.println(

"student : " + student); } @Test public void testOptionalOrElseGet() { Optional<

Student> studentOptional = Optional.ofNullable(null); Student student =

studentOptional.orElseGet(() -> new Student("zz", -1)); System.out.println(

"student : " + student); }

输出结果

结果1： java.lang.NullPointerException: studentOptional is null at

com.common.java8.OptionalTest.lambda$testOptionalOrElseThrow$7(OptionalTest.java:56)

at java.util.Optional.orElseThrow(Optional.java:290) at

com.common.java8.OptionalTest.testOptionalOrElseThrow(OptionalTest.java:56)...

结果2： student : Student(name=zz, age=-1)

map()、flatMap()

public Optional map(Function super T, ? extends U> mapper) { Objects.

requireNonNull(mapper); if (!isPresent()) return empty(); else { return Optional

.ofNullable(mapper.apply(value)); } } public Optional flatMap(Function

super T, Optional> mapper) { Objects.requireNonNull(mapper); if (!isPresent()

) return empty(); else { return Objects.requireNonNull(mapper.apply(value)); } }

从方法签名上看，两者返回参数相同，入参Function的返回参数不一样，一个是U，一个是Optional< U >, 但是他们都返回Optional< U >

@Test public void testOptionalMapAndFlatMap() { Optional

studentOptional= Optional.of(new Student("aa", 11)); System.out.println("map:" +

studentOptional.map(Student::getName).orElse(null)); System.out.println(

"flatMap:" + studentOptional.flatMap(s -> Optional.of(s.getName())).orElse(null)

); Optional nameNullOptional = Optional.of(new Student(null, 11));

System.out.println("map:" + nameNullOptional.map(Student::getName).orElse(null))

; System.out.println("flatMap:" + nameNullOptional.flatMap(s -> Optional.

ofNullable(s.getName())).orElse(null)); System.out.println("flatMap:" +

nameNullOptional.flatMap(s -> null).orElse(null)); }

输出结果

map:aa flatMap:aa map:null flatMap:null java.lang.NullPointerException at

java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(Objects.java:203) at

java.util.Optional.flatMap(Optional.java:241) at

com.common.java8.OptionalTest.testOptionalMapAndFlatMap(OptionalTest.java:23)

从上面这种用法两者基本相同。但是在Optional类中，两个方法真正的区别是flatMap返回的必须是一个非空Optional值，否则会抛出NullPointException.