1.Worker Thread模式
Worker的意思是工作的人,在Worker Thread模式中,工人线程Worker thread会逐个取回工作并进行处理,当所有工作全部完成后,工人线程会等待新的工作到来。
Worker Thread模式也被成为Background Thread(背景线程)模式,另外,如果从保存多个工人线程的场所这一点看,我们也可以称这种模式为Thread Pool模式。
2.Worker Thread模式中的角色1.Client(委托者)
创建表示工作请求的Request并将其传递给Channel。在示例程序中,ClientThread相当于该角色。2.Channel(通信线路)
Channel角色接受来自于Client的Request,并将其传递给Worker。在示例程序中,Channel相当于该角色。3.Worker(工人)
Worker角色从Channel中获取Request,并进行工作,当一项工作完成后,它会继续去获取另外的Request,在示例程序中,WorkerThread相当于该角色。4.Request(请求)
Request角色是表示工作的角色,Request角色中保存了进行工作所必须的信息,在示例程序中,Request相当于该角色。
3.Worker Thread使用场景
想象一个场景,一个工厂在生产玩具,在一个车间里,有几个工人,每次生产部件准备好车间外的人就将部件放到车间的一个桌子上,工人每次做完一个玩具就从桌子上取部件。在这里,注意到,部件并不是直接交给工人的,另外一点,工人并不是做完一个部件就回家换个新人,后者在现实有点滑稽,但是在程序中却对应一个典型的线程使用方法:线程池。
所谓线程池,就是对线程的复用,当线程执行完任务之后就继续取其他任务执行,而不是销毁启动新线程执行其他任务。因为线程的启动对于系统性能开销比较大,所以这样对于系统性能的提高很有好处。
4.Worker Thread模式程序示例
首先是请求,即玩具的部件public class Request { private final String name; private final int number; public Request(String name, int number) { this.name = name; this.number = number;
} public void execute(){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" executed "+this);
} @Override
public String toString() { return "Request=> " + "No." + number + " Name." + name;
}
}
也就是拥有name和number并且execute的时候打印出字段的一个简单类。
ClientThread,负责将请求放入RequestQueue中,即将部件放到桌子上。public class ClientThread extends Thread { private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); private final Channel channel; public ClientThread(String name, Channel channel) { super(name); this.channel = channel;
} @Override
public void run() { try { for (int i = 0; true; i++) {
Request request = new Request(getName(),i); this.channel.put(request);
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
Channel类,可以当做车间public class Channel { private final static int MAX_REQUEST = 100; private final Request[] requestQueue; private final WorkerThread[] workerPool; private int head; private int tail; private int count; public Channel(int workers) { this.requestQueue = new Request[MAX_REQUEST]; this.head = 0; this.tail = 0; this.count = 0; this.workerPool = new WorkerThread[workers]; this.init();
} private void init() { for (int i = 0; i
workerPool[i] = new WorkerThread("Worker-" + i, this);
}
} /**
* push switch to start all of worker to work
*/
public void startWorker() {
Arrays.asList(workerPool).forEach(WorkerThread::start);// List workerThreads = Arrays.asList(workerPool); workerThreads.stream().forEach(WorkerThread::start);
} public synchronized void put(Request request) { while (count >= requestQueue.length) { try { this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} this.requestQueue[tail] = request; this.tail = (tail + 1) % requestQueue.length; this.count++; this.notifyAll();
} public synchronized Request take() { while (count <= 0) { try { this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Request request = this.requestQueue[head]; this.head = (this.head + 1) % this.requestQueue.length; this.count--; this.notifyAll(); return request;
}
}
Requestqueue可以当做桌子,是一个数量有限的请求队列。threadPool是一个工人线程的数组,这就是一个线程池。在这里提供了putRequest和takeRequest方法,分别是往请求队列放入请求和取出请,这里使用了上一篇博文讲到的生产者消费者模式 java多线程设计模式之消费者生产者模式。确保了WorkerThread和ClientThread之间可以友好合作。
工人线程:public class WorkerThread extends Thread { private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); private final Channel channel; public WorkerThread(String name, Channel channel) { super(name); this.channel = channel;
} @Override
public void run() { while (true) {
channel.take().execute(); try {
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
这里就是一个不断从请求队列中取出请求然后执行请求的过程,保证了工人线程的复用,并不会执行完一个请求任务就销毁。
最后是Main:public class WorkerClient { public static void main(String[] args) { final Channel channel = new Channel(5);
channel.startWorker(); new ClientThread("Alex", channel).start(); new ClientThread("Jack", channel).start(); new ClientThread("William", channel).start();
}
}
结果:Worker-4 executed Request=> No.0 Name.Alex
Worker-2 executed Request=> No.0 Name.Jack
Worker-3 executed Request=> No.0 Name.William
Worker-4 executed Request=> No.1 Name.Jack
Worker-0 executed Request=> No.1 Name.William
Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2 Name.Jack
Worker-2 executed Request=> No.1 Name.Alex
Worker-4 executed Request=> No.2 Name.William
Worker-1 executed Request=> No.3 Name.Jack
Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2 Name.Alex
Worker-4 executed Request=> No.3 Name.William
Worker-0 executed Request=> No.4 Name.Jack
Worker-0 executed Request=> No.3 Name.Alex
Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5 Name.Jack
Worker-3 executed Request=> No.4 Name.William
Worker-1 executed Request=> No.6 Name.Jack
Worker-2 executed Request=> No.4 Name.Alex
Worker-3 executed Request=> No.7 Name.Jack
Worker-0 executed Request=> No.5 Name.William
Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5 Name.Alex
Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8 Name.Jack
Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6 Name.Alex
Worker-0 executed Request=> No.7 Name.Alex
Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8 Name.Alex
Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6 Name.William
省略...
可以看出线程执行任务的线程就是WorkerThread1,2,3,4,5五个,它们不断执行来自ClientThread Alex,Jack,William的请求任务。
作者:香沙小熊
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/b2d63fa77dbb