java const string_java String、String.concat和StringBuilder性能对比

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-06 21:27:20 发布

emitofomemeda

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-06 21:27:20 发布

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文章标签： java const string

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_33525785/article/details/114185476

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看到网上有人已经做过对比，并且贴出了代码，然后我运行了之后发现跟我分析的结论差距很大。发现他的代码有个问题，UUID.randomUUID() 首次调用耗时会很高，这个耗时被计算给了String，这对String是不公平的。

原始代码参见：http://www.codes51.com/article/detail_99554.html

修改后的测试代码如下：

importjava.util.Date;importjava.util.UUID;public classStringTest {public static voidmain(String[] args) {int testLength = 10000;

String[] arr= new String[2];

String str= "";

Date start= newDate();

String testStr=UUID.randomUUID().toString();

System.out.println("首次生成randomUUID耗时：" + (new Date().getTime() -start.getTime()));

start= newDate();for (int i = 0; i < testLength; i++) {

testStr=UUID.randomUUID().toString();

}

System.out.println("非首次生成randomUUID " + testLength + "次耗时：" + (new Date().getTime() -start.getTime()));

start= newDate();for (int i = 0; i < testLength; i++) {

str= testStr +testStr;

}

System.out.println("String 拼接测试,测试长度" + testLength + ",测试字符串数组长度" + arr.length + ",完成时间" + (new Date().getTime() -start.getTime()));

start= newDate();for (int i = 0; i < testLength; i++) {

str=testStr.concat(testStr);

}

System.out.println("String.concat 拼接测试,测试长度" + testLength + ",测试字符串数组长度" + arr.length + ",完成时间" + (new Date().getTime() -start.getTime()));

start= newDate();

StringBuilder sb;for (int i = 0; i < testLength; i++) {

str= "";

sb= newStringBuilder();for (int j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {

sb.append(testStr);

}

str=sb.toString();

}

System.out.println("StringBuilder 拼接测试,测试长度" + testLength + ",测试字符串数组长度" + arr.length + ",完成时间" + (new Date().getTime() -start.getTime()));

}

测试结果：

1. 测试字符串数组长度10

首次生成randomUUID耗时：290

非首次生成randomUUID 10000次耗时：44

String 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度10,完成时间14

String 使用循环拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度10,完成时间66

String.concat 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度10,完成时间14

StringBuilder 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度10,完成时间14

2. 测试字符串数组长度5

首次生成randomUUID耗时：287

非首次生成randomUUID 10000次耗时：48

String 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度5,完成时间11

String 使用循环拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度5,完成时间20

String.concat 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度5,完成时间9

StringBuilder 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度5,完成时间10

3. 测试字符串数组长度3

首次生成randomUUID耗时：308

非首次生成randomUUID 10000次耗时：35

String 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度3,完成时间10

String 使用循环拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度3,完成时间21

String.concat 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度3,完成时间6

StringBuilder 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度3,完成时间11

4. 测试字符串数组长度2

首次生成randomUUID耗时：298

非首次生成randomUUID 10000次耗时：70

String 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度2,完成时间10

String 使用循环拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度2,完成时间8

String.concat 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度2,完成时间3

StringBuilder 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度2,完成时间7

5. 测试字符串数组长度1

首次生成randomUUID耗时：278

非首次生成randomUUID 10000次耗时：71

String 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度1,完成时间1

String 使用循环拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度1,完成时间8

String.concat 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度1,完成时间3

StringBuilder 拼接测试,测试长度10000,测试字符串数组长度1,完成时间4

到此，可以看出，绝大多数情况下StringBuilder妥妥的比String 使用循环快，但是跟String直接相加差不多，String concat效率跟StringBuilder差不多，很多时候还要快一些，这些都是为什么呢？

javap -c StringTest.class 看看Java编译器都做了什么：

Compiled from "StringTest.java"

public classStringTest {publicStringTest();

Code:0: aload_01: invokespecial #1 //Method java/lang/Object."":()V

4: return

public static voidmain(java.lang.String[]);

Code:0: sipush 10000

3: istore_14: iconst_25: anewarray #2 //class java/lang/String

8: astore_29: ldc #3 //String

11: astore_312: new #4 //class java/util/Date

15: dup16: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

19: astore 4

21: invokestatic #6 //Method java/util/UUID.randomUUID:()Ljava/util/UUID;

24: invokevirtual #7 //Method java/util/UUID.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

27: astore 5

29: getstatic #8 //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

32: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

35: dup36: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

39: ldc #11 //String 首次生成randomUUID耗时：

41: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

44: new #4 //class java/util/Date

47: dup48: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

51: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

54: aload 4

56: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

59: lsub60: invokevirtual #14 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

63: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

66: invokevirtual #16 //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

69: new #4 //class java/util/Date

72: dup73: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

76: astore 4

78: iconst_079: istore 6

81: iload 6

83: iload_184: if_icmpge 101

87: invokestatic #6 //Method java/util/UUID.randomUUID:()Ljava/util/UUID;

90: invokevirtual #7 //Method java/util/UUID.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

93: astore 5

95: iinc 6, 1

98: goto 81

101: getstatic #8 //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

104: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

107: dup108: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

111: ldc #17 //String 非首次生成randomUUID

113: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

116: iload_1117: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

120: ldc #19 //String 次耗时：

122: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

125: new #4 //class java/util/Date

128: dup129: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

132: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

135: aload 4

137: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

140: lsub141: invokevirtual #14 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

144: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

147: invokevirtual #16 //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

150: new #4 //class java/util/Date

153: dup154: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

157: astore 4

159: iconst_0160: istore 6

162: iload 6

164: iload_1165: if_icmpge 195

168: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

171: dup172: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

175: aload 5

177: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

180: aload 5

182: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

185: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

188: astore_3189: iinc 6, 1

192: goto 162

195: getstatic #8 //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

198: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

201: dup202: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

205: ldc #20 //String String 拼接测试,测试长度

207: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

210: iload_1211: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

214: ldc #21 //String ,测试字符串数组长度

216: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

219: aload_2220: arraylength221: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

224: ldc #22 //String ,完成时间

226: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

229: new #4 //class java/util/Date

232: dup233: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

236: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

239: aload 4

241: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

244: lsub245: invokevirtual #14 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

248: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

251: invokevirtual #16 //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

254: new #4 //class java/util/Date

257: dup258: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

261: astore 4

263: iconst_0264: istore 6

266: iload 6

268: iload_1269: if_icmpge 317

272: ldc #3 //String

274: astore_3275: iconst_0276: istore 7

278: iload 7

280: aload_2281: arraylength282: if_icmpge 311

285: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

288: dup289: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

292: aload_3293: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

296: aload 5

298: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

301: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

304: astore_3305: iinc 7, 1

308: goto 278

311: iinc 6, 1

314: goto 266

317: getstatic #8 //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

320: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

323: dup324: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

327: ldc #23 //String String 使用循环拼接测试,测试长度

329: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

332: iload_1333: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

336: ldc #21 //String ,测试字符串数组长度

338: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

341: aload_2342: arraylength343: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

346: ldc #22 //String ,完成时间

348: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

351: new #4 //class java/util/Date

354: dup355: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

358: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

361: aload 4

363: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

366: lsub367: invokevirtual #14 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

370: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

373: invokevirtual #16 //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

376: new #4 //class java/util/Date

379: dup380: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

383: astore 4

385: iconst_0386: istore 6

388: iload 6

390: iload_1391: if_icmpge 408

394: aload 5

396: aload 5

398: invokevirtual #24 //Method java/lang/String.concat:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;

401: astore_3402: iinc 6, 1

405: goto 388

408: getstatic #8 //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

411: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

414: dup415: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

418: ldc #25 //String String.concat 拼接测试,测试长度

420: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

423: iload_1424: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

427: ldc #21 //String ,测试字符串数组长度

429: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

432: aload_2433: arraylength434: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

437: ldc #22 //String ,完成时间

439: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

442: new #4 //class java/util/Date

445: dup446: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

449: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

452: aload 4

454: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

457: lsub458: invokevirtual #14 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

461: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

464: invokevirtual #16 //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

467: new #4 //class java/util/Date

470: dup471: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

474: astore 4

476: iconst_0477: istore 7

479: iload 7

481: iload_1482: if_icmpge 533

485: ldc #3 //String

487: astore_3488: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

491: dup492: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

495: astore 6

497: iconst_0498: istore 8

500: iload 8

502: aload_2503: arraylength504: if_icmpge 521

507: aload 6

509: aload 5

511: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

514: pop515: iinc 8, 1

518: goto 500

521: aload 6

523: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

526: astore_3527: iinc 7, 1

530: goto 479

533: getstatic #8 //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

536: new #9 //class java/lang/StringBuilder

539: dup540: invokespecial #10 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder."":()V

543: ldc #26 //String StringBuilder 拼接测试,测试长度

545: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

548: iload_1549: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

552: ldc #21 //String ,测试字符串数组长度

554: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

557: aload_2558: arraylength559: invokevirtual #18 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(I)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

562: ldc #22 //String ,完成时间

564: invokevirtual #12 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

567: new #4 //class java/util/Date

570: dup571: invokespecial #5 //Method java/util/Date."":()V

574: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

577: aload 4

579: invokevirtual #13 //Method java/util/Date.getTime:()J

582: lsub583: invokevirtual #14 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(J)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

586: invokevirtual #15 //Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;

589: invokevirtual #16 //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V

592: return}

String直接相加已经都被编译器优化成StringBuilder了，只是循环里优化的不太合理。所以，String相加快还是StringBuilder快，其实只是StringBuilder调用方式对比。。。

String.concat为什么快？

看看jdk1.8里这个方法的源代码就知道了：

publicString concat(String str) {int otherLen =str.length();if (otherLen == 0) {return this;

}int len =value.length;char buf[] = Arrays.copyOf(value, len +otherLen);

str.getChars(buf, len);return new String(buf, true);

}

简单粗暴，直接Arrays.copyOf，直接内存复制，这根StringBuilder原理类似，但是它不用初始化StringBuilder对象，只是每次concat都会创建一个新的String对象，所以在有些情况下它比StringBuilder要快一点。

结论：简单场景里，直接用+好了，反正编译器默认会优化成StringBuilder，毕竟对一般人来说加号可读性高一点。但是在循环中使用或者是比较复杂的应用场景里，还是尽量自己直接用StringBuilder或String concat。

emitofomemeda

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