HTTP的POST请求的详细构造[实现机器提交表单含上传文件及普通文本域]

      最近用C#做测试网站的服务程序，由于有些接口需要真实的测试数据。比如提交表单中的文本域和文件域，但.Net中只提供了简单的单独提交文本或文件的方法，所以只能自己构造格式为

multipart/form-data

的HTTP请求，而让我更加了解了HTTP请求的格式。

      下面是在Google搜索后的一个解决方案，原链接：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/566462/upload-files-with-httpwebrequest-multipart-form-data

 方法1：上传文本域及一个文件[测试成功]

 1         //发送对应表单文本域和一个文件[函数中的输出语句自己调节]
 2         public static void HttpUploadFile(string url, string file, string paramName, string contentType, NameValueCollection nvc)
 3         {
 4             Console.WriteLine(string.Format("Uploading {0} to {1}", file, url));
 5             string boundary = "---------------------------" + DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");
 6             byte[] boundarybytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "\r\n");
 7 
 8             HttpWebRequest wr = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
 9             wr.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;
10             wr.Method = "POST";
11             wr.KeepAlive = true;
12             wr.Credentials = System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
13 
14             Stream rs = wr.GetRequestStream();
15 
16             string formdataTemplate = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"\r\n\r\n{1}";
17             foreach (string key in nvc.Keys)
18             {
19                 rs.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
20                 string formitem = string.Format(formdataTemplate, key, nvc[key]);
21                 byte[] formitembytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(formitem);
22                 rs.Write(formitembytes, 0, formitembytes.Length);
23             }
24             rs.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
25 
26             string headerTemplate = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\nContent-Type: {2}\r\n\r\n";
27             string header = string.Format(headerTemplate, paramName, file, contentType);
28             byte[] headerbytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header);
29             rs.Write(headerbytes, 0, headerbytes.Length);
30 
31             FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(file, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
32             byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
33             int bytesRead = 0;
34             while ((bytesRead = fileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
35             {
36                 rs.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
37             }
38             fileStream.Close();
39 
40             byte[] trailer = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" + boundary + "--\r\n");
41             rs.Write(trailer, 0, trailer.Length);
42             rs.Close();
43 
44             WebResponse wresp = null;
45             try
46             {
47                 wresp = wr.GetResponse();
48                 Stream stream2 = wresp.GetResponseStream();
49                 StreamReader reader2 = new StreamReader(stream2);
50                 Console.WriteLine(string.Format("File uploaded, server response is: {0}", reader2.ReadToEnd()));
51             }
52             catch (Exception ex)
53             {
54                 //log.Error("Error uploading file", ex);
55                 if (wresp != null)
56                 {
57                     wresp.Close();
58                     wresp = null;
59                 }
60             }
61             finally
62             {
63                 wr = null;
64             }
65         }

//使用的例子
//nvc中存放表单文本域的键值对
//image/jpeg是上传文件的格式
    NameValueCollection nvc = new NameValueCollection();
    nvc.Add("id", "TTR");
    nvc.Add("btn-submit-photo", "Upload");
    HttpUploadFile("http://your.server.com/upload", 
         @"C:\test\test.jpg", "file", "image/jpeg", nvc);

方法2：上传表单文本域和多个文件[我没测试成功]

 1 public static  void UploadFilesToRemoteUrl(string url, string[] files, string
 2 logpath, NameValueCollection nvc)
 3 {
 4 
 5     long length = 0;
 6     string boundary = "----------------------------" +
 7     DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x");
 8 
 9 
10     HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest2 = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
11     httpWebRequest2.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" +
12     boundary;
13     httpWebRequest2.Method = "POST";
14     httpWebRequest2.KeepAlive = true;
15     httpWebRequest2.Credentials =
16     System.Net.CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;
17 
18 
19 
20     Stream memStream = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
21 
22     byte[] boundarybytes = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("\r\n--" +
23     boundary + "\r\n");
24 
25 
26     string formdataTemplate = "\r\n--" + boundary +
27     "\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\";\r\n\r\n{1}";
28 
29     foreach (string key in nvc.Keys)
30     {
31         string formitem = string.Format(formdataTemplate, key, nvc[key]);
32         byte[] formitembytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(formitem);
33         memStream.Write(formitembytes, 0, formitembytes.Length);
34     }
35 
36 
37     memStream.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
38 
39     string headerTemplate = "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{0}\"; filename=\"{1}\"\r\n Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n";
40 
41     for (int i = 0; i < files.Length; i++)
42     {
43 
44         //string header = string.Format(headerTemplate, "file" + i, files[i]);
45         string header = string.Format(headerTemplate, "uplTheFile", files[i]);
46 
47         byte[] headerbytes = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(header);
48 
49         memStream.Write(headerbytes, 0, headerbytes.Length);
50 
51 
52         FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(files[i], FileMode.Open,
53         FileAccess.Read);
54         byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
55 
56         int bytesRead = 0;
57 
58         while ((bytesRead = fileStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
59         {
60             memStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
61 
62         }
63 
64 
65         memStream.Write(boundarybytes, 0, boundarybytes.Length);
66 
67 
68         fileStream.Close();
69     }
70 
71     httpWebRequest2.ContentLength = memStream.Length;
72 
73     Stream requestStream = httpWebRequest2.GetRequestStream();
74 
75     memStream.Position = 0;
76     byte[] tempBuffer = new byte[memStream.Length];
77     memStream.Read(tempBuffer, 0, tempBuffer.Length);
78     memStream.Close();
79     requestStream.Write(tempBuffer, 0, tempBuffer.Length);
80     requestStream.Close();
81 
82 
83     WebResponse webResponse2 = httpWebRequest2.GetResponse();
84 
85     Stream stream2 = webResponse2.GetResponseStream();
86     StreamReader reader2 = new StreamReader(stream2);
87 
88 
89     MessageBox.Show(reader2.ReadToEnd());
90 
91     webResponse2.Close();
92     httpWebRequest2 = null;
93     webResponse2 = null;
94 }

原理解释：

详细见链接。下面简单复制过来的。

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I believe that you are not building the request body correctly. First, you need to include part boundary (random text) in content type header. For example,

Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarySkAQdHysJKel8YBM

Now format of request body will be something like

------WebKitFormBoundarySkAQdHysJKel8YBM 
Content-Disposition: form-data;name="key"

KeyValueGoesHere
------WebKitFormBoundarySkAQdHysJKel8YBM 
Content-Disposition: form-data;name="param2"

ValueHere
------WebKitFormBoundarySkAQdHysJKel8YBM 
Content-Disposition: form-data;name="fileUpload"; filename="y1.jpg"
Content-Type: image/jpeg 

[image data goes here]

I will suggest you to use tool such as Fiddler to understand how these requests are built.

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/muyun/archive/2013/04/12/3016048.html