什么是轮廓?
轮廓是一系列相连的点组成的曲线,代表了物体的基本外形。
轮廓与边缘好像挺像的?
是的,确实挺像,那么区别是什么呢?简而言之,轮廓是连续的,而边缘并不全都连续(见下图示例)。其实边缘主要是作为图像的特征使用,比如可以用边缘特征可以区分脸和手,而轮廓主要用来分析物体的形态,比如物体的周长和面积等,可以说边缘包括轮廓。
边缘和轮廓的区别(图片来源:http://pic.ex2tron.top/cv2_understand_contours.jpg)
寻找轮廓的操作一般用于二值化图,所以通常会使用阈值分割或Canny边缘检测先得到二值图。
【注:寻找轮廓是针对白色物体的,一定要保证物体是白色,而背景是黑色,不然很多人在寻找轮廓时会找到图片最外面的一个框】
OpenCV4.1.0 C++ Sample Code:
/**
* @function findContours_Demo.cpp
* @brief Demo code to find contours in an image
* @author OpenCV team
*/
#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
Mat src_gray;
int thresh = 100;
RNG rng(12345);
/// Function header
void thresh_callback(int, void* );
/**
* @function main
*/
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
/// Load source image
CommandLineParser parser( argc, argv, "{@input | ../data/HappyFish.jpg | input image}" );
Mat src = imread( parser.get<String>( "@input" ) );
if( src.empty() )
{
cout << "Could not open or find the image!\n" << endl;
cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <Input image>" << endl;
return -1;
}
/// Convert image to gray and blur it
cvtColor( src, src_gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY );
blur( src_gray, src_gray, Size(3,3) );
/// Create Window
const char* source_window = "Source";
namedWindow( source_window );
imshow( source_window, src );
const int max_thresh = 255;
createTrackbar( "Canny thresh:", source_window, &thresh, max_thresh, thresh_callback );
thresh_callback( 0, 0 );
waitKey();
return 0;
}
/**
* @function thresh_callback
*/
void thresh_callback(int, void* )
{
/// Detect edges using Canny
Mat canny_output;
Canny( src_gray, canny_output, thresh, thresh*2 );
/// Find contours
vector<vector<Point> > contours;
vector<Vec4i> hierarchy;
findContours( canny_output, contours, hierarchy, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE );
/// Draw contours
Mat drawing = Mat::zeros( canny_output.size(), CV_8UC3 );
for( size_t i = 0; i< contours.size(); i++ )
{
Scalar color = Scalar( rng.uniform(0, 256), rng.uniform(0,256), rng.uniform(0,256) );
drawContours( drawing, contours, (int)i, color, 2, LINE_8, hierarchy, 0 );
}
/// Show in a window
imshow( "Contours", drawing );
}
Result: