dart - Typedefs 函数别名

• 普通的函数定义。在赋值之后，会丢失函数签名信息

class SortedCollection {
  Function compare;

  SortedCollection(int f(Object a, Object b)) {//比较麻烦，不美观
    compare = f;
  }
}

// Initial, broken implementation.
int sort(Object a, Object b) => 0;

void main() {
  SortedCollection coll = new SortedCollection(sort);

  // All we know is that compare is a function,
  // but what type of function?
  assert(coll.compare is Function);// 丢失了函数的具体的信息，函数签名信息
}
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• 给函数起一个别名，使用比较方便。例如定义一个方法的回调，直接使用别名定义。

//这是flutter中使用最多的例子

typedef int Compare(Object a, Object b);

class SortedCollection {
  Compare compare;

  SortedCollection(this.compare);
}

// Initial, broken implementation.
int sort(Object a, Object b) => 0;

void main() {
  SortedCollection coll = new SortedCollection(sort);
  assert(coll.compare is Function);
  assert(coll.compare is Compare);
}
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• 高级用法,泛型函数别名

typedef int Compare<T>(T a, T b); 

int sort(int a, int b) => a - b;

void main() {
  assert(sort is Compare<int>); // True!// 判断函数的具体的类型
}
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• 实际案例

// https://docs.flutter.io/flutter/material/PopupMenuButton-class.html
new PopupMenuButton<WhyFarther>(
  onSelected: (WhyFarther result) { setState(() { _selection = result; }); },
  itemBuilder: (BuildContext context) => <PopupMenuEntry<WhyFarther>>[ // 这是构建菜单项的函数
    const PopupMenuItem<WhyFarther>(
      value: WhyFarther.harder,
      child: const Text('Working a lot harder'),
    ),
    const PopupMenuItem<WhyFarther>(
      value: WhyFarther.smarter,
      child: const Text('Being a lot smarter'),
    ),
    const PopupMenuItem<WhyFarther>(
      value: WhyFarther.selfStarter,
      child: const Text('Being a self-starter'),
    ),
    const PopupMenuItem<WhyFarther>(
      value: WhyFarther.tradingCharter,
      child: const Text('Placed in charge of trading charter'),
    ),
  ],
)

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• itemBuilder自定的类型PopupMenuItemBuilder

itemBuilder → PopupMenuItemBuilder<T> // itemBuilder 字段的类型
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• PopupMenuItemBuilder 函数具体的定义

List<PopupMenuEntry<T>> PopupMenuItemBuilder(
BuildContext context
)
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这个函数将被PopupMenuButton使用，创建PopupMenu的item。

• 参考

  https://docs.flutter.io/flutter/material/PopupMenuButton-class.html 【PopupMenuButton】

  https://www.dartlang.org/guides/language/language-tour#typedefs 【typedefs 用法】