上一篇，我给大家讲解了关于Socket编程的基础知识
http://www.cnblogs.com/chenxizhang/archive/2011/09/10/2172994.html
本文将在这个案例的基础上，加入一个特殊场景，利用Silverlight来实现客户端。有的朋友可能会说，其实是一样的吧。请不要急于下结论，有用过Silverlight的朋友都有这种体会，很多在标准.NET Framework编程中能用的技术，到了Silverlight里面，或多或少会有些限制。不幸的是，Socket这个功能就是其中一个。这本身没有什么好不好的问题，Silverlight首先是运行在一个特殊的沙盒中，受到一些限制也是意料之中的，毕竟安全第一嘛
我总结Silverlight中应用Socket的几点特殊之处
1.所有的操作都必须的异步的，包括连接，发送和接收消息
2.Silverlight只能做客户端，不能做服务器（虽然这句看起来说的有点多余，不过确实有朋友想这么做呢）
3.Silverlight的Socket只能访问如下端口，4502-4530，只能用TCP。
4.Silverlight的Socket收到访问策略的限制，服务端必须监听，并提供ClientAccessPolicy的支持。通常是在943端口（TCP)进行监听，也可以在HTTP 80端口监听。
本文完整代码如下 http://files.cnblogs.com/chenxizhang/SocketWorkshop(with-silverlight).rar
那么，我们就来通过例子学习一下在Silverlight中如何使用Socket技术与服务端通讯吧
第一步：创建Silverlight项目
第二步：设计Silverlight界面
<UserControl
x:Class="SocketSilverlightClient.MainPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300"
d:DesignWidth="400">
<Grid
x:Name="LayoutRoot"
Background="White"
Margin="20">
<Grid.Resources>
<Style
TargetType="Button">
<Setter
Property="Width"
Value="100"></Setter>
<Setter
Property="HorizontalAlignment"
Value="Left"></Setter>
<Setter
Property="Margin"
Value="5"></Setter>
</Style>
<Style
TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter
Property="Margin"
Value="5"></Setter>
<Setter
Property="HorizontalAlignment"
Value="Left"></Setter>
<Setter
Property="TextWrapping"
Value="Wrap"></Setter>
</Style>
</Grid.Resources>
<StackPanel>
<Button
Content="Connect"
x:Name="btConnect"
Click="btConnect_Click"></Button>
<TextBlock
Text="Type your message"></TextBlock>
<StackPanel
Margin="5"
Orientation="Horizontal">
<TextBox
x:Name="txtInput"
Width="200"></TextBox>
<Button
Content="Send"
x:Name="btSend"
Click="btSend_Click"></Button>
</StackPanel>
<TextBlock
Text="Messages from server"></TextBlock>
<ItemsControl
Margin="5"
x:Name="icResult">
</ItemsControl>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</UserControl>这个界面看起来像下面这样
第三步：编写基本的客户端代码
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
//导入命名空间
using System.Net.Sockets;
namespace SocketSilverlightClient
{
/// <summary>
/// 演示如何在Silverlight中使用Socket技术
/// 作者：陈希章
/// </summary>
public partial class MainPage : UserControl
{
public MainPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
/// <summary>
/// 尝试连接到服务器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btConnect_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//创建一个套接字
var socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
//准备一个异步参数（这是特有的）
var args = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
//设置远程服务器地址，这里用DnsSafeHost，可以获取到宿主远程服务器的主机名称
args.RemoteEndPoint = new DnsEndPoint(App.Current.Host.Source.DnsSafeHost, 4530);
//注册Completed事件处理程序
args.Completed += (o, a) =>
{
if(a.SocketError > 0)//0表示成功，其他的表示有错误
{
//注意，因为Completed方法是在工作线程触发的，所以要对主线程进行访问，必须使用Dispatcher机制
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
MessageBox.Show("Connect fail:" + a.SocketError.ToString());
});
}
else
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
MessageBox.Show("Connect success");
});
}
};
//发起异步的连接请求
socket.ConnectAsync(args);
}
private void btSend_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
}
}
}【注意】在Silverlight中使用Socket的代码，与一般的客户端还是不同的。最主要的区别在于异步模型。
目前，我这里只编写了Connect的代码，是因为这里就会遇到连接问题，其他代码先不着急写出来。我们可以运行起来看看
点击“Connect”之后，我们发现有一个错误，是AccessDenied。这就是说，Silverlight遇到了权限问题无法直接访问到服务器。
我们都知道,Silverlight是运行在一个沙盒里面的，它要访问宿主网站之外的资源，是受到很多限制的。它会先尝试检查目标资源是否有一个ClientAccessPolicy的设置。
这里有一篇详细的介绍 http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc197955(VS.95).aspx
第四步：为服务器添加PolicyServer。
已经有不少先进同学在这方面有研究了。这个PolicyServer是负责向Silverlight发送策略信息的，也就是说，Silverlight的Socket，在连接之前，会默认去连接目标主机的943端口，请求ClientAccessPolicy的认证，只有通过了，则可以继续访问其他的Socket。
这个PolicyServer的设计，不是我的原创，但我稍做了修改。请将下面的代码保存为一个独立的文件，放在SocketServer这个项目里面
using System;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;
namespace SocketServerService
{
/// <summary>
/// This is a silverlight socket client access policy file server.
///
/// Background:
/// When a socket connection open attempt to some server is made in Silverlight 2.0
/// Silverlight automatically makes a request to the server in question on port 943 for a policy file
/// The policy file served includes the valid ports and valid clients for the socket server
///
/// Outcomes:
/// The socket request will result in success if the client access policy file served by the socket
/// server permits access to the requested port and the client URI is in the <allow-from> element
/// See ClientAccessPolicy.xml & http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645032(VS.95).aspx for further details
///
/// The socket request will be denied if the client access policy file is not served or if the client /
/// port is denied in the client access policy file
/// </summary>
class SL_SocketPortPolicyListener
{
TcpListener _Listener = null;
TcpClient _Client = null;
const string _PolicyRequestString = "<policy-file-request/>";
int _ReceivedLength = 0;
byte[] _Policy = null;
byte[] _ReceiveBuffer = null;
EventLog eventLog;
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SL_SocketPortPolicyListener"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="serviceEventLog">The service event log.</param>
public SL_SocketPortPolicyListener(EventLog serviceEventLog)
{
eventLog = serviceEventLog;
Start();
}
/// <summary>
/// 增加的代码
/// </summary>
public SL_SocketPortPolicyListener()
: this(new EventLog("Application"))
{
}
/// <summary>
/// Starts this instance.
/// </summary>
void Start()
{
try
{
//增加的代码
var policyConfig =
"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding =\"utf-8\"?>" +
"<access-policy>" +
"<cross-domain-access>" +
"<policy>" +
"<allow-from>" +
"<domain uri=\"*\" />" +
"</allow-from>" +
"<grant-to>" +
"<socket-resource port=\"4502-4530\" protocol=\"tcp\" />" +
"</grant-to>" +
"</policy>" +
"</cross-domain-access>" +
"</access-policy>";
//删除的代码
//string executionLocation = Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location);
//string policyFile = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["PolicyFilePath"];
//using(FileStream fs = new FileStream(executionLocation + policyFile, FileMode.Open))
//{
// _Policy = new byte[fs.Length];
// fs.Read(_Policy, 0, _Policy.Length);
//}
//增加的代码
_Policy = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(policyConfig);
_ReceiveBuffer = new byte[_PolicyRequestString.Length];
//Using TcpListener which is a wrapper around a Socket
//Allowed port is 943 for Silverlight sockets policy data
_Listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 943);
_Listener.Start();
_Listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(OnBeginAccept), null);
}
catch(Exception exp)
{
LogError(exp);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Called when [begin accept].
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ar">The ar.</param>
private void OnBeginAccept(IAsyncResult ar)
{
_Client = _Listener.EndAcceptTcpClient(ar);
_Client.Client.BeginReceive(_ReceiveBuffer, 0, _PolicyRequestString.Length, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback(OnReceiveComplete), null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Called when [receive complete].
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ar">The ar.</param>
private void OnReceiveComplete(IAsyncResult ar)
{
try
{
_ReceivedLength += _Client.Client.EndReceive(ar);
//See if there's more data that we need to grab
if(_ReceivedLength < _PolicyRequestString.Length)
{
//Need to grab more data so receive remaining data
_Client.Client.BeginReceive(_ReceiveBuffer, _ReceivedLength,
_PolicyRequestString.Length - _ReceivedLength,
SocketFlags.None, new AsyncCallback(OnReceiveComplete), null);
return;
}
//Check that <policy-file-request/> was sent from client
string request = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(_ReceiveBuffer, 0, _ReceivedLength);
if(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.Compare(request, _PolicyRequestString) != 0)
{
//Data received isn't valid so close
_Client.Client.Close();
return;
}
//Valid request received....send policy file
_Client.Client.BeginSend(_Policy, 0, _Policy.Length, SocketFlags.None,
new AsyncCallback(OnSendComplete), _Client.Client);
}
catch(Exception exp)
{
_Client.Client.Close();
LogError(exp);
}
_ReceivedLength = 0;
//listen for the next client
_Listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(OnBeginAccept), null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Called when [send complete].
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ar">The ar.</param>
private void OnSendComplete(IAsyncResult ar)
{
Socket socket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;
try
{
socket.EndSend(ar);
}
catch(Exception exp)
{
LogError(exp);
}
finally
{
socket.Close();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Logs the error.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="exp">The exp.</param>
private void LogError(Exception exp)
{
eventLog.WriteEntry(string.Format("Error in PolicySocketServer: {0} \r\n StackTrace: {1}", exp.Message, exp.StackTrace));
}
}
}
然后，在SocketServer的主程序中，加入下面的代码（只需要添加红色这一行即可）
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
//额外导入的两个命名空间
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
namespace SocketServer
{
class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// Socket Server 演示
/// 作者：陈希章
/// </summary>
/// <param name="args"></param>
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var policyServer = new SocketServerService.SL_SocketPortPolicyListener();
//创建一个新的Socket,这里我们使用最常用的基于TCP的Stream Socket（流式套接字）
var socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
//将该socket绑定到主机上面的某个端口
//方法参考：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.net.sockets.socket.bind.aspx
socket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 4530));
//启动监听，并且设置一个最大的队列长度
//方法参考：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.net.sockets.socket.listen(v=VS.100).aspx
socket.Listen(4);
//开始接受客户端连接请求
//方法参考：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.net.sockets.socket.beginaccept.aspx
socket.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(ClientAccepted), socket);
Console.WriteLine("Server is ready!");
Console.Read();
}
public static void ClientAccepted(IAsyncResult ar)
{
var socket = ar.AsyncState as Socket;
//这就是客户端的Socket实例，我们后续可以将其保存起来
var client = socket.EndAccept(ar);
//给客户端发送一个欢迎消息
client.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("Hi there, I accept you request at " + DateTime.Now.ToString()));
//实现每隔两秒钟给服务器发一个消息
//这里我们使用了一个定时器
var timer = new System.Timers.Timer();
timer.Interval = 2000D;
timer.Enabled = true;
timer.Elapsed += (o, a) =>
{
//检测客户端Socket的状态
if(client.Connected)
{
try
{
client.Send(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes("Message from server at " + DateTime.Now.ToString()));
}
catch(SocketException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
else
{
timer.Stop();
timer.Enabled = false;
Console.WriteLine("Client is disconnected, the timer is stop.");
}
};
timer.Start();
//接收客户端的消息(这个和在客户端实现的方式是一样的）
client.BeginReceive(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveMessage), client);
//准备接受下一个客户端请求
socket.BeginAccept(new AsyncCallback(ClientAccepted), socket);
}
static byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
public static void ReceiveMessage(IAsyncResult ar)
{
try
{
var socket = ar.AsyncState as Socket;
//方法参考：http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.net.sockets.socket.endreceive.aspx
var length = socket.EndReceive(ar);
//读取出来消息内容
var message = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(buffer, 0, length);
//显示消息
Console.WriteLine(message);
//接收下一个消息(因为这是一个递归的调用，所以这样就可以一直接收消息了）
socket.BeginReceive(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, SocketFlags.None, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveMessage), socket);
}
catch(Exception ex){
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
}
}
}再次测试，我们就发现Silverlight客户端能够连接到服务器了
既然连接上了服务器，那么就让我们来将Silverlight客户端里面其他的一些功能都实现一下吧
第五步：实现Silverlight客户端的消息收发
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
//导入命名空间
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
namespace SocketSilverlightClient
{
/// <summary>
/// 演示如何在Silverlight中使用Socket技术
/// 作者：陈希章
/// </summary>
public partial class MainPage : UserControl
{
public MainPage()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
//创建一个套接字
Socket socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
/// <summary>
/// 尝试连接到服务器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void btConnect_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
//准备一个异步参数（这是特有的）
var args = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
//设置远程服务器地址，这里用DnsSafeHost，可以获取到宿主远程服务器的主机名称
args.RemoteEndPoint = new DnsEndPoint(App.Current.Host.Source.DnsSafeHost, 4530);
//注册Completed事件处理程序
args.Completed += ConnectCompleted;
//发起异步的连接请求
socket.ConnectAsync(args);
}
/// <summary>
/// 该事件在连接成功时发生
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="args"></param>
public void ConnectCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
{
if(e.SocketError > 0)//0表示成功，其他的表示有错误
{
//注意，因为Completed方法是在工作线程触发的，所以要对主线程进行访问，必须使用Dispatcher机制
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
MessageBox.Show("Connect fail:" + e.SocketError.ToString());
});
}
else
{
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
//MessageBox.Show("Connect success");
//将连接按钮禁用掉
btConnect.Content = "Connected";
btConnect.IsEnabled = false;
var buffer = new byte[1024];
e.SetBuffer(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
e.Completed -= ConnectCompleted;
e.Completed += ReceiveCompleted;
socket.ReceiveAsync(e);
});
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 该事件在接收消息时发生
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="args"></param>
public void ReceiveCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
{
//将消息显示在界面上
var result = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(e.Buffer, 0, e.Count);
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
icResult.Items.Add(result);
});
//递归继续接收消息
socket.ReceiveAsync(e);
}
private void btSend_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var args = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
//将用户输入的文本转成字节
var buffer = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(txtInput.Text);
args.SetBuffer(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
//设置远程服务器地址，这里用DnsSafeHost，可以获取到宿主远程服务器的主机名称
args.RemoteEndPoint = new DnsEndPoint(App.Current.Host.Source.DnsSafeHost, 4530);
//发送完成的话，将控件清空，激活
args.Completed += (o, a) => {
this.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() =>
{
txtInput.Text = string.Empty;
btSend.IsEnabled = true;
});
};
//禁用按钮
btSend.IsEnabled = false;
//发送消息
socket.SendAsync(args);
}
}
}运行起来看看吧
还不错对吧，这个例子给大家演示了如何在Silverlight中使用Socket，接下来大家可以结合自己的现实工作做一些研究和扩展吧
本文完整代码如下 http://files.cnblogs.com/chenxizhang/SocketWorkshop(with-silverlight).rar
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