系统环境
实验环境
VMware? Workstation 12 Pro 12.0.1 build-3160714
系统平台
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 64 位
内核
3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
samba服务器IP
192.168.1.30
samba的版本
4.2.10-6.el7_2
samba-client的版本
4.2.10-6.el7_2
一.Samba的安装
说明
指令
安装
yum -y install samba samba-client
查看
rpm -qa | grep samba
内容 
启动
systemctl start smb && systemctl start nmb
设置开机启动
systemctl enable smb && systemctl enable nmb
配置文件详解
1 # This is the main Samba configuration file. For detailed information about the
2 # options listed here, refer to the smb.conf(5) manual page. Samba has a huge
3 # number of configurable options, most of which are not shown in this example.
4 #
5 # The Official Samba 3.2.x HOWTO and Reference Guide contains step-by-step
6 # guides for installing, configuring, and using Samba:
7 # http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection.pdf
8 #
9 # The Samba-3 by Example guide has working examples for smb.conf. This guide is
10 # generated daily: http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-Guide.pdf
11 #
12 # In this file, lines starting with a semicolon (;) or a hash (#) are
13 # comments and are ignored. This file uses hashes to denote commentary and
14 # semicolons for parts of the file you may wish to configure.
15 #
16 # Note: Run the "testparm" command after modifying this file to check for basic
17 # syntax errors.
18 #
19 #---------------
20 # Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) Notes: //SELinux安全设置
21 #
22 # Turn the samba_domain_controller Boolean on to allow Samba to use the useradd
23 # and groupadd family of binaries. Run the following command as the root user to
24 # turn this Boolean on:
25 # setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
26 #
27 # Turn the samba_enable_home_dirs Boolean on if you want to share home
28 # directories via Samba. Run the following command as the root user to turn this
29 # Boolean on:
30 # setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on //如果不需要在samba使用默认的共享家目录，可以不执行
31 #
32 # If you create a new directory, such as a new top-level directory, label it
33 # with samba_share_t so that SELinux allows Samba to read and write to it. Do
34 # not label system directories, such as /etc/ and /home/, with samba_share_t, as
35 # such directories should already have an SELinux label.
36 #
37 # Run the "ls -ldZ /path/to/directory" command to view the current SELinux
38 # label for a given directory.
39 #
40 # Set SELinux labels only on files and directories you have created. Use the
41 # chcon command to temporarily change a label:
42 # chcon -t samba_share_t /path/to/directory //samba共享目录中允许创建目录时运行
43 #
44 # Changes made via chcon are lost when the file system is relabeled or commands
45 # such as restorecon are run.
46 #
47 # Use the samba_export_all_ro or samba_export_all_rw Boolean to share system
48 # directories. To share such directories and only allow read-only permissions:
49 # setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on //samba共享目录为只读是运行
50 # To share such directories and allow read and write permissions:
51 # setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on //samba共享目录为可写是运行
52 #
53 # To run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...), copy them to the
54 # /var/lib/samba/scripts/ directory so that SELinux will allow smbd to run them.
55 # Note that if you move the scripts to /var/lib/samba/scripts/, they retain
56 # their existing SELinux labels, which may be labels that SELinux does not allow
57 # smbd to run. Copying the scripts will result in the correct SELinux labels.
58 # Run the "restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts" command as the root user to
59 # apply the correct SELinux labels to these files.
60 #
61 #--------------
62 #
63 #======================= Global Settings =====================================
64
65 [global] //全局配置
66
67 # ----------------------- Network-Related Options -------------------------//网络相关配置
68 #
69 # workgroup = the Windows NT domain name or workgroup name, for example, MYGROUP.
70 #
71 # server string = the equivalent of the Windows NT Description field.
72 #
73 # netbios name = used to specify a server name that is not tied to the hostname.
74 #
75 # interfaces = used to configure Samba to listen on multiple network interfaces.
76 # If you have multiple interfaces, you can use the "interfaces =" option to
77 # configure which of those interfaces Samba listens on. Never omit the localhost
78 # interface (lo).
79 #
80 # hosts allow = the hosts allowed to connect. This option can also be used on a
81 # per-share basis.
82 #
83 # hosts deny = the hosts not allowed to connect. This option can also be used on
84 # a per-share basis.
85 #
86 # max protocol = used to define the supported protocol. The default is NT1. You
87 # can set it to SMB2 if you want experimental SMB2 support.
88 #
89 workgroup = MYGROUP //samba服务器所在的域名或工作组名称
90 server string = Samba Server Version %v //samba服务器的版本说明
91
92 ; netbios name = MYSERVER //设置samba服务器的netbios名称
93
94 ; interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24 //samba服务器监听的本地网络端口
95 ; hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13. //允许连接到samba服务器的客户端
96
97 ; max protocol = SMB2 //使用的协议
98
99 # --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------//日志记录配置
100 #
101 # log file = specify where log files are written to and how they are split.
102 #
103 # max log size = specify the maximum size log files are allowed to reach. Log
104 # files are rotated when they reach the size specified with "max log size".
105 #
106
107 # log files split per-machine:
108 log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m //指定samba日志文件
109 # maximum size of 50KB per log file, then rotate:
110 max log size = 50 //设定日志的大小
111
112 # ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------//独立服务器选项
113 #
114 # security = the mode Samba runs in. This can be set to user, share
115 # (deprecated), or server (deprecated).
116 #
117 # passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
118 # installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
119 # is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
120 # compatibility.
121 #
122
123 security = user //登陆设定用户密码
124 passdb backend = tdbsam //使用默认值，不用修改
125
126
127 # ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------//加入windows域成员的配置
128 #
129 # security = must be set to domain or ads.
130 #
131 # passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
132 # installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
133 # is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
134 # compatibility.
135 #
136 # realm = only use the realm option when the "security = ads" option is set.
137 # The realm option specifies the Active Directory realm the host is a part of.
138 #
139 # password server = only use this option when the "security = server"
140 # option is set, or if you cannot use DNS to locate a Domain Controller. The
141 # argument list can include My_PDC_Name, [My_BDC_Name], and [My_Next_BDC_Name]:
142 #
143 # password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
144 #
145 # Use "password server = *" to automatically locate Domain Controllers.
146
147 ; security = domain
148 ; passdb backend = tdbsam
149 ; realm = MY_REALM
150
151 ; password server = <NT-Server-Name> //指定身份验证的域控制器ip或主机名称
152
153 # ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
154 #samba服务器作为域控制器的配置
155 # security = must be set to user for domain controllers.
156 #
157 # passdb backend = the backend used to store user information in. New
158 # installations should use either tdbsam or ldapsam. No additional configuration
159 # is required for tdbsam. The "smbpasswd" utility is available for backwards
160 # compatibility.
161 #
162 # domain master = specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser, allowing
163 # Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Do not use the "domain master"
164 # option if you already have a Windows NT domain controller performing this task.
165 #
166 # domain logons = allows Samba to provide a network logon service for Windows
167 # workstations.
168 #
169 # logon script = specifies a script to run at login time on the client. These
170 # scripts must be provided in a share named NETLOGON.
171 #
172 # logon path = specifies (with a UNC path) where user profiles are stored.
173 #
174 #
175 ; security = user //默认值，不用修改
176 ; passdb backend = tdbsam //默认值，不用修改
177
178 ; domain master = yes //让samba服务器作为主域控制器
179 ; domain logons = yes //允许windows客户端提交验证信息
180
181 # the following login script name is determined by the machine name
182 # (%m):
183 ; logon script = %m.bat //用户登录到域执行的启动脚本
184 # the following login script name is determined by the UNIX user used:
185 ; logon script = %u.bat //域客户端的开机启动脚本
186 ; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u //配置文件存放位置
187 # use an empty path to disable profile support:
188 ; logon path =
189
190 # various scripts can be used on a domain controller or a stand-alone
191 # machine to add or delete corresponding UNIX accounts:
192
193 ; add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users //添加用户信息同步脚本
194 ; add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g" //添加组信息同步脚本
195 ; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /b in/false "%u" //添加计算机信息同步脚本
196 ; delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" //删除用户信息同步脚本
197 ; delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g" //删除用户组信息同步脚本
198 ; delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g" //删除组信息同步脚本
199
200
201 # ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
202 #配置浏览器
203 # local master = when set to no, Samba does not become the master browser on
204 # your network. When set to yes, normal election rules apply.
205 #
206 # os level = determines the precedence the server has in master browser
207 # elections. The default value should be reasonable.
208 #
209 # preferred master = when set to yes, Samba forces a local browser election at
210 # start up (and gives itself a slightly higher chance of winning the election).
211 #
212 ; local master = no //是否允许samba服务器作为主浏览器
213 ; os level = 33 //数字越大代表被选举成为主浏览器的可能更大
214 ; preferred master = yes //yes时选为主浏览器的可能更高
215
216 #----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
217 #samba服务器的名称解析
218 # This section details the support for the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).
219 #
220 # Note: Samba can be either a WINS server or a WINS client, but not both.
221 #
222 # wins support = when set to yes, the NMBD component of Samba enables its WINS
223 # server.
224 #
225 # wins server = tells the NMBD component of Samba to be a WINS client.
226 #
227 # wins proxy = when set to yes, Samba answers name resolution queries on behalf
228 # of a non WINS capable client. For this to work, there must be at least one
229 # WINS server on the network. The default is no.
230 #
231 # dns proxy = when set to yes, Samba attempts to resolve NetBIOS names via DNS
232 # nslookups.
233
234 ; wins support = yes //设置nmbd进程支持wins服务器
235 ; wins server = w.x.y.z //wins的ip地址
236 ; wins proxy = yes //samba服务器是否作为wins的代理
237
238 ; dns proxy = yes //是否通过dns去解析主机的netbios名
239
240 # --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
241 #samba服务器的打印配置
242 # The options in this section allow you to configure a non-default printing
243 # system.
244 #
245 # load printers = when set you yes, the list of printers is automatically
246 # loaded, rather than setting them up individually.
247 #
248 # cups options = allows you to pass options to the CUPS library. Setting this
249 # option to raw, for example, allows you to use drivers on your Windows clients.
250 #
251 # printcap name = used to specify an alternative printcap file.
252 #
253
254 load printers = yes //是否自动共享打印机
255 cups options = raw
256
257 ; printcap name = /etc/printcap //获取打印机描述信息的位置
258 # obtain a list of printers automatically on UNIX System V systems:
259 ; printcap name = lpstat
260 ; printing = cups
261
262 # --------------------------- File System Options ---------------------------
263 #文件系统的配置
264 # The options in this section can be un-commented if the file system supports
265 # extended attributes, and those attributes are enabled (usually via the
266 # "user_xattr" mount option). These options allow the administrator to specify
267 # that DOS attributes are stored in extended attributes and also make sure that
268 # Samba does not change the permission bits.
269 #
270 # Note: These options can be used on a per-share basis. Setting them globally
271 # (in the [global] section) makes them the default for all shares.
272
273 ; map archive = no //Windows客户端复制或者移动文件到samba服务器共享目录时，是否保留文件在windows中的存档属性
274 ; map hidden = no //Windows客户端复制或者移动文件到samba服务器共享目录时，是否保留文件在windows中的隐藏文件属性
275 ; map read only = no //Windows客户端复制或者移动文件到samba服务器共享目录时，是否保留文件在windows中的只读属性
276 ; map system = no //Windows客户端复制或者移动文件到samba服务器共享目录时，是否保留文件在windows中的系统属性
277 ; store dos attributes = yes //Windows客户端复制或者移动文件到samba服务器共享目录时，是否保留文件在windows中的相关属性
278
279
280 #============================ Share Definitions 共享的资源=============================
281
282 [homes]
283 comment = Home Directories //说明：comment是对该共享的描述，可以是任意字符串。
284 browseable = no //说明：browseable用来指定该共享是否可以浏览。
285 writable = yes //说明：writable用来指定该共享路径是否可写。
286 ; valid users = %S //说明：valid users用来指定允许访问该共享资源的用户。
287 ; valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S
288
289 [printers]
290 comment = All Printers
291 path = /var/spool/samba
292 browseable = no
293 guest ok = no //用来指定该共享是否允许guest账户访问。
294 writable = no
295 printable = yes
296
297 # Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons:
298 ; [netlogon]
299 ; comment = Network Logon Service
300 ; path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
301 ; guest ok = yes
302 ; writable = no
303 ; share modes = no
304
305 # Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share.
306 # The default is to use the user's home directory:
307 ; [Profiles]
308 ; path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
309 ; browseable = no
310 ; guest ok = yes
311
312 # A publicly accessible directory that is read only, except for users in the
313 # "staff" group (which have write permissions):
314 ; [public]
315 ; comment = Public Stuff
316 ; path = /home/samba
317 ; public = yes
318 ; writable = yes
319 ; printable = no
320 ; write list = +staff
创建共享目录
mkdir /share
配置samba
vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
文件最后添加内容
[public] //设置针对的是共享目录个别的设置，只对当前的共享资源起作用
comment = Public Stuff //对共享目录的说明文件，自己可以定义说明信息
path = /share //用来指定共享的目录，必选项.使用绝对路径
修改selinux
chcon -R -t samba_share_t /share
测试成功
testparm 
创建系统用户
useradd wjb10000
系统用户密码
passwd wjb10000
设置smb密码
smbpasswd -a wjb10000 
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
访问结果 
不显示家目录
注释掉
使用别名用户
vim /etc/samba/smbusers
添加内容
wjb10000 = wjb 注：本机系统用户 = 别名
编译配置文件
vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
添加内容
[global] 全局变量下添加新内容 username map = /etc/samba/smbusers 
客户端断开samba用户链接
win客户端机器（开始->运行->输入cmd）在dos下输入命令net use * /delete /y，就可以断开所有网络用户的链接了。如果登录的时候勾选了保存用户，就（开始->运行->输入control keymgr.dll，在弹出的对话框中选择你samba服务器的主机名删除即可。
samba服务器全部搭建完成
samba服务器扩展知识
用户浏览权限控制
browseable=yes时，将显示共享资源。browseable=no时，将隐藏共享资源。
用户访问权限控制
public=yes时，允许匿名用户访问共享资源。public=no时，不允许匿名用户访问共享资源。
guest ok和public的功能相同。同时设置发生冲突时，最后的参数优先。
用户和组的权限
valid users = wjb10000 //允许wjb10000用户访问共享目录。
valid users = @wjb //允许wjb组的所有成员访问共享目录
invalid users = wjb10000 //不允许wjb10000用户访问共享目录。
invalid users = @wjb //不允许wjb组的所有成员访问共享目录
用户读写权限控制
readonly = yes时，共享目录为只读。readonly = no时，不使用只读方式。
read list = @组名，设置只读的用户组
writable = yes时，共享目录为可写。writable = no时，共享目录为不可写。
write list = @组名，设置只写的用户组
force user = wjb //访问共享资源时，建立文件和目录的拥有组都是wjb
group = wjb //功能同force user一样。
veto files = /*root*/ 不能上传含有root关键字的文件或者目录
文件和目录权限
create mask = 444
文件权限
chmod 1777 /share //每个人都能读写。但不能删除别人的文件
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/wjb10000/1788346
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