java项目功能实现模板_模板模式（Template）_java实现

//20210127

写在前面：刚期末考试完，考了面向对象，里边儿有23个设计模式，我寻思着考完挨个儿实现一下，本文实现模板模式

模板模式核心思想：

如果完成某件事的步骤就那么几个，那么我们就可以定义一个模板专门用于完成某件事情，就好像实现一个框架，子类往里边填充步骤的具体内容就行

举例：做成一道菜的步骤有择菜、洗菜、炒菜，那么我们就可以定义一个模板，分为择菜、洗菜、炒菜，然后如果想要做出西红柿炒蛋，那就先挑选并处理西红柿和鸡蛋(择菜)，再洗西红柿、打鸡蛋(洗菜)，最后下锅炒(炒菜)，这样西红柿鸡蛋的具体步骤就填充进框架了，外界只用调用填充好的子类就可以做出西红柿炒鸡蛋了

程序源代码

此处实现一个JDBC模板，更接近我们的使用和学习

注：需要导入mysql官方jar包，否则会报错ClassNotFound

/**

* 抽象dao层——模板

*/

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.PreparedStatement;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

public abstract class AbstractDao {

protected Object find(String sql,Object[] params){

Connection conn = null;

PreparedStatement ps = null;

ResultSet rs = null;

Object obj = null;

try{

conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();

ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

for (int i = 0;i

ps.setObject(i+1,params[i]);

}

rs = ps.executeQuery();

while(rs.next()){

obj = rowMapper(rs);

}

}catch(Exception e){

e.printStackTrace();

}finally{

JDBCUtils.free(rs,ps,conn);

}

return obj;

}

protected abstract Object rowMapper(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException;

//同时可以添加insert，update等方法

}

//具体dao层

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

/**

* UserDAO

*/

public class UserDAO extends AbstractDao{

public User findUser(int userId){

String sql = "select * from user where id = ?";//预语句

Object[] params = new Object[]{userId};

Object user = super.find(sql,params);

// System.out.println((User)user);

return (User)user;

}

@Override

protected Object rowMapper(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {

User user = new User();

user.setId(rs.getInt("id"));

user.setName(rs.getString("name"));

user.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));

user.setSex(rs.getString("sex"));

user.setAddress(rs.getString("address"));

return user;

}

}

/**

* 用户类

*/

public class User {

private Integer id;

private String name;

private Integer age;

private String sex;

private String address;

public Integer getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Integer getAge() {

return age;

}

public void setAge(Integer age) {

this.age = age;

}

public String getSex() {

return sex;

}

public void setSex(String sex) {

this.sex = sex;

}

public String getAddress() {

return address;

}

public void setAddress(String address) {

this.address = address;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "User{" +

"id=" + id +

", name='" + name + '\'' +

", age=" + age +

", sex='" + sex + '\'' +

", address='" + address + '\'' +

'}';

}

}

/**

* jdbc工具类

*/

import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCUtils {

private static String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbcstudy";

private static String user = "root";

private static String password = "******";

private JDBCUtils(){}

static {

try{

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

} catch(ClassNotFoundException e){

throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);

}

}

public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException{

return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);

}

public static void free(ResultSet rs, PreparedStatement ps , Connection conn){

if(rs != null){

try {

rs.close();

} catch (SQLException throwables) {

throwables.printStackTrace();

}

}

if(ps!=null){

try {

ps.close();

} catch (SQLException throwables) {

throwables.printStackTrace();

}

}

if(conn!=null){

try {

conn.close();

} catch (SQLException throwables) {

throwables.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

//测试主类

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

UserDAO dao = new UserDAO();

System.out.println(dao.findUser(1));

System.out.println(dao.findUser(2));

System.out.println(dao.findUser(3));

System.out.println(dao.findUser(4));

}

}

数据库创建&添加table语句如下：

create table user(

id int primary key auto_increment,

name varchar(20) not null,

age int,

sex varchar(2) not null,

address varchar(50)

);

insert into user(name,age,sex,address) values ("张三","18","男","河北唐山");

insert into user(name,age,sex,address) values ("李四","16","男","河南驻马店");

insert into user(name,age,sex,address) values ("王五","22","女","北京朝阳区");

insert into user(name,age,sex,address) values ("赵六",null,"男",null);

数据库cmd终端输出如下：

输出如下:

以上

希望对大家有所帮助