Rust第三方库之Serde：反序列化架构分析

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serde的反序列化架构主要涉及三个特性：Deserialize、Deserializer和Visitor，各自承担的责任不同。

Deserialize Trait

pub trait Deserialize<'de>: Sized {
    /// Deserialize this value from the given Serde deserializer.
    fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
    where
       D: Deserializer<'de>;
}

该 Trait 定义了反序列化一个值的接口，使用某个的反序列化器（Deserializer）创建自身对象，如果出错返回错误。

带有一个泛型生存期 'de 指使用的反序列化器的生存期，返回的错误是反序列化器定义的错误类型。

Deserializer Trait

pub trait Deserializer<'de>: Sized {
    /// The error type that can be returned if some error occurs during
    /// deserialization.
    type Error: Error;

    /// Require the `Deserializer` to figure out how to drive the visitor based
    /// on what data type is in the input.
    ///
    /// When implementing `Deserialize`, you should avoid relying on
    /// `Deserializer::deserialize_any` unless you need to be told by the
    /// Deserializer what type is in the input. Know that relying on
    /// `Deserializer::deserialize_any` means your data type will be able to
    /// deserialize from self-describing formats only, ruling out Bincode and
    /// many others.
    fn deserialize_any<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `bool` value.
    fn deserialize_bool<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an `i8` value.
    fn deserialize_i8<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an `i16` value.
    fn deserialize_i16<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an `i32` value.
    fn deserialize_i32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting an `i64` value.
    fn deserialize_i64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `u8` value.
    fn deserialize_u8<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `u16` value.
    fn deserialize_u16<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `u32` value.
    fn deserialize_u32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `u64` value.
    fn deserialize_u64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `f32` value.
    fn deserialize_f32<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `f64` value.
    fn deserialize_f64<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a `char` value.
    fn deserialize_char<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a string value and does
    /// not benefit from taking ownership of buffered data owned by the
    /// `Deserializer`.
    ///
    /// If the `Visitor` would benefit from taking ownership of `String` data,
    /// indiciate this to the `Deserializer` by using `deserialize_string`
    /// instead.
    fn deserialize_str<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a string value and would
    /// benefit from taking ownership of buffered data owned by the
    /// `Deserializer`.
    ///
    /// If the `Visitor` would not benefit from taking ownership of `String`
    /// data, indicate that to the `Deserializer` by using `deserialize_str`
    /// instead.
    fn deserialize_string<V>(self, visitor: V) -> Result<V::Value, Self::Error>
    where
        V: Visitor<'de>;

    /// Hint that the `Deserialize` type is expecting a byte array and does not
    /// benefit from taking ownership of buffered data owned