IPv6 IPSec配置

IPv6 IPSec配置

目前，为下一代互联网开发的安全协议——IPSec是TCP/IP协议族IP层唯一的安全协议，同时适用于IPv4和IPv6，IPSec在IP层提供了IP报文的机密性、完整性、IP报文源地址认证以及有限的抗重播***能力。IPSec可以保护在所有支持IP的传输介质上的通信，保护所有运行于IP层上的所有协议在主机间进行安全传输。IPSec网关可以安装在需要安全保护的任何地方，如路由器、防火墙、应用服务器、客户机等。

IPSec是IPv6的一个组成部分，IPv6的节点必须支持IPSec。在IPv4上可以使用IPSec，但并不要求强制IPSec，除IPv4与IPv6本身的区别外，IPSec安全体系在IPv4和IPv6中的功能、结构、作用完全相同。

IPSec主要由三个协议组成：

⒈AH（Authentication Header，认证报头）提供对报文完整性和报文的信源地址认证功能。

⒉ESP（Encapsulating Security Payload）提供对报文内容的加密和认证功能。

⒊IKE（Internet Key Exchange）协商信源节点和信宿节点间保护IP报文的AH和ESP的相关参数，如加密、认证的算法和密钥、密钥的生存期等，称之为安全联盟。

AH和ESP是IP层协议，IKE是应用层协议，使用UDP端口500，多数时候，IPSec仅指网络层协议AH和ESP。

下面是基于IPv6 IPSec的两个配置案例：

实例1

R1 配置

R1#sh running-config Building configuration... Current configuration : 1431 bytes ! version 12.4 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname R1 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ! resource policy ! ip subnet-zero ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! ! ! ! ! crypto isakmp policy 110 authentication pre-share crypto isakmp key cisco123 address ipv6 2001:1:1::2/64 crypto isakmp keepalive 10 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set *** esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ! crypto ipsec profile ipsec set transform-set *** ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Tunnel0 no ip address ipv6 address 2001:DB:1::1/64 ipv6 mtu 1400 ipv6 rip rip enable tunnel source FastEthernet0/0 tunnel destination 2001:1:1::2 tunnel mode ipsec ipv6 tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex full ipv6 address 2001:1:1::1/64 ! interface Ethernet1/0 no ip address duplex half ipv6 address 2001:10:1::1/64 ipv6 rip rip enable ! interface Ethernet1/1 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! interface Ethernet1/2 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! interface Ethernet1/3 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! ip classless no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ! ! logging alarm informational ipv6 router rip rip ! ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! ! ! ! ! gatekeeper shutdown ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 stopbits 1 line aux 0 stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 login ! ! end

R2 配置

R2#sh running-config Building configuration... Current configuration : 1431 bytes ! version 12.4 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname R2 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ! resource policy ! ip subnet-zero ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! ! ! ! ! ! crypto isakmp policy 110 authentication pre-share crypto isakmp key cisco123 address ipv6 2001:1:1::1/64 crypto isakmp keepalive 10 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set *** esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ! crypto ipsec profile ipsec set transform-set *** ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Tunnel0 no ip address ipv6 address 2001:DB:1::2/64 ipv6 mtu 1400 ipv6 rip rip enable tunnel source FastEthernet0/0 tunnel destination 2001:1:1::1 tunnel mode ipsec ipv6 tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex full ipv6 address 2001:1:1::2/64 ! interface Ethernet1/0 no ip address duplex half ipv6 address 2001:20:1::1/64 ipv6 rip rip enable ! interface Ethernet1/1 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! interface Ethernet1/2 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! interface Ethernet1/3 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! ip classless no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ! ! logging alarm informational ipv6 router rip rip ! ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! ! ! ! ! gatekeeper shutdown ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 stopbits 1 line aux 0 stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 login ! ! end

查看状态信息

R1#ping Protocol [ip]: ipv6 Target IPv6 address: 2001:20:1::1 Repeat count [5]: Datagram size [100]: Timeout in seconds [2]: Extended commands? [no]: y Source address or interface: 2001:10:1::1 UDP protocol? [no]: Verbose? [no]: Precedence [0]: DSCP [0]: Include hop by hop option? [no]: Include destination option? [no]: Sweep range of sizes? [no]: Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:20:1::1, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 2001:10:1::1 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/114/236 ms R1#sh crypto ipsec sa interface: Tunnel0 Crypto map tag: Tunnel0-head-0, local addr 2001:1:1::1 protected vrf: (none) local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (::/0/0/0) remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (::/0/0/0) current_peer 2001:1:1::2 port 500 PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,} #pkts encaps: 22, #pkts encrypt: 22, #pkts digest: 22 #pkts decaps: 22, #pkts decrypt: 22, #pkts verify: 22 #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0 #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0 #pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0 #send errors 0, #recv errors 0 local crypto endpt.: 2001:1:1::1, remote crypto endpt.: 2001:1:1::2 path mtu 1514, ip mtu 1514 current outbound spi: 0x97CE38EC(2546874604) inbound esp sas: spi: 0x2419215A(605626714) transform: esp-3des esp-sha-hmac , in use settings ={Tunnel, } conn id: 1, flow_id: SW:1, crypto map: Tunnel0-head-0 sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4476581/3496) IV size: 8 bytes replay detection support: Y Status: ACTIVE inbound ah sas: inbound pcp sas: outbound esp sas: spi: 0x97CE38EC(2546874604) transform: esp-3des esp-sha-hmac , in use settings ={Tunnel, } conn id: 2, flow_id: SW:2, crypto map: Tunnel0-head-0 sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4476582/3495) IV size: 8 bytes replay detection support: Y Status: ACTIVE outbound ah sas: outbound pcp sas: R1#sh crypto isakmp sa IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA dst src state conn-id slot status IPv6 Crypto ISAKMP SA dst: 2001:1:1::1 src: 2001:1:1::2 state: QM_IDLE conn-id: 1001 slot: 0 status: ACTIVE R1#sh crypto engine connections active Crypto Engine Connections ID Interface Type Algorithm Encrypt Decrypt IP-Address 1 Fa0/0 IPsec 3DES+SHA 0 23 2001:1:1::1 2 Fa0/0 IPsec 3DES+SHA 23 0 2001:1:1::1 1001 Fa0/0 IKE SHA+DES 0 0 2001:1:1::1 R1#sh crypto session Crypto session current status Interface: Tunnel0 Session status: UP-ACTIVE Peer: 2001:1:1::2 port 500 IKE SA: local 2001:1:1::1/500 remote 2001:1:1::2/500 Active IPSEC FLOW: permit ipv6 ::/0 ::/0 Active SAs: 2, origin: crypto map R1#sh ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 9 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user Static route I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 C 2001:1:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L 2001:1:1::1/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 C 2001:10:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, Ethernet1/0 L 2001:10:1::1/128 [0/0] via ::, Ethernet1/0 R 2001:20:1::/64 [120/2] via FE80::C800:34FF:FE70:0, Tunnel0 C 2001:DB:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, Tunnel0 L 2001:DB:1::1/128 [0/0] via ::, Tunnel0 L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 R1#sh ipv6 interface tunnel 0 Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::C800:14FF:FEA0:0 No Virtual link-local address(es): Global unicast address(es): 2001:DB:1::1, subnet is 2001:DB:1::/64 Joined group address(es): FF02::1 FF02::2 FF02::9 FF02::1:FF00:1 FF02::1:FFA0:0 MTU is 1400 bytes ICMP error messages limited to one every 100 milliseconds ICMP redirects are enabled ICMP unreachables are sent ND DAD is enabled, number of DAD attempts: 1 ND reachable time is 30000 milliseconds Hosts use stateless autoconfig for addresses. R1#sh interfaces tunnel 0 Tunnel0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Tunnel MTU 1514 bytes, BW 9 Kbit, DLY 500000 usec, reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255 Encapsulation TUNNEL, loopback not set Keepalive not set Tunnel source 2001:1:1::1 (FastEthernet0/0), destination 2001:1:1::2 Tunnel protocol/transport IPSEC/IPV6 Tunnel TTL 255 Tunnel transmit bandwidth 8000 (kbps) Tunnel receive bandwidth 8000 (kbps) Tunnel protection via IPSec (profile "ipsec") Last input never, output 00:00:27, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue: 0/0 (size/max) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 35 packets input, 2980 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 35 packets output, 2980 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 0 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

实例2

R1 配置

R1#sh running-config Building configuration... Current configuration : 1473 bytes ! version 12.4 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname R1 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ! resource policy ! ip subnet-zero ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! ! ! crypto isakmp policy 110 authentication pre-share crypto isakmp key cisco123 address ipv6 2001:1:1::2/64 crypto isakmp keepalive 10 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set *** esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ! crypto ipsec profile ipsec set transform-set *** ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Tunnel0 no ip address ipv6 address 2001:DB:1::1/64 ipv6 mtu 1400 ipv6 ospf 10 area 0 tunnel source FastEthernet0/0 tunnel destination 2001:1:1::2 tunnel mode ipsec ipv6 tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex full ipv6 address 2001:1:1::1/64 ! interface Ethernet1/0 no ip address duplex half ipv6 address 2001:10:1::1/64 ipv6 ospf 10 area 0 ! interface Ethernet1/1 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! interface Ethernet1/2 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! interface Ethernet1/3 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! ip classless no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ! ! logging alarm informational ipv6 router ospf 10 router-id 1.1.1.1 log-adjacency-changes ! ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! ! ! ! ! gatekeeper shutdown ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 stopbits 1 line aux 0 stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 login ! ! end

R2 配置

R2#sh running-config Building configuration... Current configuration : 1473 bytes ! version 12.4 service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname R2 ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! no aaa new-model ! resource policy ! ip subnet-zero ip cef ! ! ! ! ! ipv6 unicast-routing ipv6 cef ! ! ! ! ! crypto isakmp policy 110 authentication pre-share crypto isakmp key cisco123 address ipv6 2001:1:1::1/64 crypto isakmp keepalive 10 ! ! crypto ipsec transform-set *** esp-3des esp-sha-hmac ! crypto ipsec profile ipsec set transform-set *** ! ! ! ! ! ! interface Tunnel0 no ip address ipv6 address 2001:DB:1::2/64 ipv6 mtu 1400 ipv6 ospf 10 area 0 tunnel source FastEthernet0/0 tunnel destination 2001:1:1::1 tunnel mode ipsec ipv6 tunnel protection ipsec profile ipsec ! interface FastEthernet0/0 no ip address duplex full ipv6 address 2001:1:1::2/64 ! interface Ethernet1/0 no ip address duplex half ipv6 address 2001:20:1::1/64 ipv6 ospf 10 area 0 ! interface Ethernet1/1 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! interface Ethernet1/2 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! interface Ethernet1/3 no ip address shutdown duplex half ! ip classless no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! ! ! logging alarm informational ipv6 router ospf 10 router-id 2.2.2.2 log-adjacency-changes ! ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! ! ! ! ! gatekeeper shutdown ! ! line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 stopbits 1 line aux 0 stopbits 1 line vty 0 4 login ! ! end

查看状态信息

R2#ping ipv6 2001:10:1::1 source 2001:20:1::1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:10:1::1, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 2001:20:1::1 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/80/176 ms R2#sh ipv6 ospf neighbor Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Interface ID Interface 1.1.1.1 1 FULL/ - 00:00:31 12 Tunnel0 R2#sh ipv6 route IPv6 Routing Table - 9 entries Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user Static route I1 - ISIS L1, I2 - ISIS L2, IA - ISIS interarea, IS - ISIS summary O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 C 2001:1:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 L 2001:1:1::2/128 [0/0] via ::, FastEthernet0/0 O 2001:10:1::/64 [110/11121] via FE80::C800:14FF:FEA0:0, Tunnel0 C 2001:20:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, Ethernet1/0 L 2001:20:1::1/128 [0/0] via ::, Ethernet1/0 C 2001:DB:1::/64 [0/0] via ::, Tunnel0 L 2001:DB:1::2/128 [0/0] via ::, Tunnel0 L FE80::/10 [0/0] via ::, Null0 L FF00::/8 [0/0] via ::, Null0 R2#sh crypto isakmp sa IPv4 Crypto ISAKMP SA dst src state conn-id slot status IPv6 Crypto ISAKMP SA dst: 2001:1:1::1 src: 2001:1:1::2 state: QM_IDLE conn-id: 1001 slot: 0 status: ACTIVE

这时在网络中使用窃听工具对网络中应用数据和OSPFv3路由协议的报文进行采集，采集到报文无法显示其路由更新的内容，因为所有的更新内容都加密了，如下所示采集到的报文。