NV21是Android camera的默认图像格式。这里分享下如何在Windows上用Java把NV21的数据转换成BMP文件。
什么是NV21格式
NV21是一种YUV (又称YCbCr) 图像格式. Y 表示亮度值(Luminance), V 和 U 分别代表蓝色(Cb)和红色(Cr)色度(Chrominance)。 一个2×2的像素, 4个Y对应1个V和1个U。比如这样排布:
YYYYYYYY VUVU
NV21转RGB
先从byte数组中分离出Y,V,U的值(先V,后U):
int total = width * height;
int[] rgb = new int[total];
int Y, Cb = 0, Cr = 0, index = 0;
int R, G, B;
for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
Y = yuv[y * width + x];
if (Y < 0) Y += 255;
if ((x & 1) == 0) {
Cr = yuv[(y >> 1) * (width) + x + total];
Cb = yuv[(y >> 1) * (width) + x + total + 1];
if (Cb < 0) Cb += 127; else Cb -= 128;
if (Cr < 0) Cr += 127; else Cr -= 128;
}
}
}
通过公式转换:
R = Y + Cr + (Cr >> 2) + (Cr >> 3) + (Cr >> 5);
G = Y - (Cb >> 2) + (Cb >> 4) + (Cb >> 5) - (Cr >> 1) + (Cr >> 3) + (Cr >> 4) + (Cr >> 5);
B = Y + Cb + (Cb >> 1) + (Cb >> 2) + (Cb >> 6);
// Approximation
// R = (int) (Y + 1.40200 * Cr);
// G = (int) (Y - 0.34414 * Cb - 0.71414 * Cr);
// B = (int) (Y + 1.77200 * Cb);
if (R < 0) R = 0; else if (R > 255) R = 255;
if (G < 0) G = 0; else if (G > 255) G = 255;
if (B < 0) B = 0; else if (B > 255) B = 255;
rgb[index++] = 0xff000000 + (R << 16) + (G << 8) + B;
什么是BMP
BMP文件主要由3个部分组成:BMP头信息,DIB头信息,以及数据。参考一下维基上的例子:
Byte数组写入BMP文件
JDK的接口和Android SDK的接口是不同的。在Windows上可以用BufferedImage和ImageIO来保存数据。
BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
bufferedImage.setRGB(0, 0, width, height, data, 0, width);
try {
ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "JPG", new File(fileName));
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
我们也可以根据BMP文件的结构自己创建一个类。可以参考下DIB结构的定义:
public class BMP {
// BMP Header
private byte[] id = { 0x42, 0x4D };
private int fileSize = 0;
private short spec1 = 0, spec2 = 0;
private int offset = 54;
// DIB Header
private int biSize = 40;
private int biWidth, biHeight;
private short biPlanes = 0, biBitCount = 32;
private int biCompression, biSizeImage, biXPelsPerMeter, biYPelsPerMeter, biClrUsed, biClrImportant;
// bitmap data
private int[] data;
public BMP(int width, int height, short pixelBits, int[] pixels) {
biWidth = width;
biHeight = height;
biBitCount = pixelBits;
data = pixels;
fileSize = width * height * pixelBits / 8 + offset;
}
public int getFileSize() {
return fileSize;
}
}
Java把整形值写入到文件中默认使用big-endian。如果用DataOutputStream来直接写文件,会出现问题。
DataOutputStream output;
try {
output = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("big-endian.bmp")));
output.write(getHeader());
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
output.writeInt(data[i]);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
所以需要用ByteBuffer转换成little-endian再保存数据:
private byte[] getFile() {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(fileSize);
buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
buffer.put(id);
buffer.putInt(fileSize);
buffer.putShort(spec1);
buffer.putShort(spec2);
buffer.putInt(offset);
buffer.putInt(biSize);
buffer.putInt(biWidth);
buffer.putInt(biHeight);
buffer.putShort(biPlanes);
buffer.putShort(biBitCount);
buffer.putInt(biCompression);
buffer.putInt(biSizeImage);
buffer.putInt(biXPelsPerMeter);
buffer.putInt(biYPelsPerMeter);
buffer.putInt(biClrUsed);
buffer.putInt(biClrImportant);
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
buffer.putInt(data[i]);
}
return buffer.array();
}
重新运行程序,图像正常:
源码
https://github.com/yushulx/NV21-to-RGB