python逼格提升

1.合并可以匹配的条件

1 s1 = 7
2 if s1 > 5 and s1 < 10:
3     print(s1)
4 
5 
6 s1 = 7
7 if 5 < s1 < 10:
8     print(s1)

2.if条件避免与布尔值比较

 1 l1 = []
 2 if l1 != []:
 3     print('l1 is not empty')
 4 else:
 5     print('l1 is empty')
 6 
 7     
 8 l1 = []
 9 if l1:
10     print('l1 is not empty')
11 else:
12     print('l1 is empty')

此时等价于if True，属于False的值：None、False、数字0、空列表元组字典集合，但是有的时候数字0我们是有用的，所以我们用is来比较

 1 s1 = 0
 2 if s1:
 3     print('s1 is not empty')
 4 else:
 5     print('s1 is empty')
 6 
 7     
 8 s2 = 0
 9 if s2 is not None:
10     print('s2 is not empty')
11 else:
12     print('s2 is empty')

so，我们可以看出is与==的意义是不同的，事情的真相是is比较的是内存地址，None在python是单例的，==比较的是值

 1 l1 = [0, 1, 2]
 2 l2 = [0, 1, 2]
 3 if l1 is l2:
 4     print('l1 is l2')
 5 else:
 6     print('l1 is not l2')
 7 
 8 if l1 == l2:
 9     print('l1 == l2')
10 else:
11     print('l1 != l2')

3.简单的if else用三元运算代替

1 if 1 == 2:
2     s1 = '北方姆Q'
3 else:
4     s1 = 'bfmq'
5 
6 
7 s1 = '北方姆Q' if 1 == 2 else 'bfmq'

4.enumerate迭代器，可以循环的对象可以使用，返回两个值，第一个是位置，第二个是对应元素

1 l1 = ['dfmq', 'xfmq', 'nfmq', 'bfmq']
2 for index, value in enumerate(l1):
3     print('%d %s' % (index, value))

5.for+else表示当循环完for内所有后才会执行else下的程序，中途break则不会

1 l1 = [11, 22, 33, 44]
2 
3 for s1 in l1:
4     if s1 <= 100:
5         break
6 else:
7     print('喵喵喵喵!')

6.少定义布尔返回值变量

 1 def low1(a, b, c):
 2     flag = False
 3     if a == b == c:
 4         flag = True
 5     return flag
 6 
 7 ret = low1(6, 6, 6)
 8 
 9 
10 def low2(a, b, c):
11     if a == b == c:  
12         return True
13     else:
14         return False
15 
16 ret = low2(6, 6, 6)
17 
18 
19 def f1(a, b, c):
20     return a == b == c
21 
22 ret = f1(6, 6, 5)

7.被调用事不要抛出自定义异常

1 def get_json_url(url):
2     try:
3         url = json.load(url)
4         return url
5 
6     except Exception as e:
7         print('something wrong!')
8         return None

这样第三方只会获得一个something wrong!信息，无法确定哪里出了错误，so
def get_json_url(url):
　　return json.load(url)
这样异常会返回给调用者

 

8.多用EAFP，少用LBYL

 1 def get(user):
 2     if user is None:
 3         print('no user!')
 4     print(user.info)
 5 LBYL在进行程序前需要考虑前提条件是否成立，因此穿插了很多条件检查
 6 
 7 
 8 def get(user):
 9     try:
10         print(user.info)
11 
12     except NameError:
13         print('no user!')

9.连等号赋同值

1 a = 10
2 b = 10
3 c = 10
4 
5 
6 a = b = c = 10
7 此时a=666，但是b跟c是不会变的哦~

10.python支持直接调换值哦

 1 10.python支持直接调换值哦
 2 a = 10
 3 b = 100
 4 temp = a
 5 a = b
 6 b = temp
 7 
 8 
 9 a = 10
10 b = 100
11 a, b = b, a

11.多次调用对象方法时，可以用链式调用方法，避免中间产生过多变量及内存

1 s1 = '  north is good!'
2 s2 = s1.strip()
3 s3 = s2.upper()
4 s4 = s3.replace('!', '?')
5 
6 
7 s2 = s1.strip().upper().replace('!', '?')
8 当然过多了连续调用可能会影响到可读性，so，简短的调用可以写在一起，出现一个比较大变化时另起一行是比较好的

12.使用isinstance对不同类型参数进行对应操作

 1 def get_size(some_object):
 2     if isinstance(some_object, (list, dict, str, tuple, set)):
 3         return len(some_object)
 4     elif isinstance(some_object, (bool, type(None))):
 5         return 1
 6     elif isinstance(some_object, (int, float)):
 7         return int(some_object)
 8 
 9 
10 print(get_size('bfmq'))
11 print(get_size([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))
12 print(get_size(10.0))
13 print(get_size([]))

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/bfmq/p/6813946.html