启动方式:
1 直接Python
2 python -c 'command' [arg] ...
3 python -m 模块 [arg] ...
定义文件编码: # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
整型:
1 **: 5 ** 2 5的2次方
2 //: 17 // 3 = 5 取正
字符串(不可变对象):
1 字符串前加r,原始字符: print(r'a\nb') 输出 a\nb
2 """ ...""" 注释
3 +操作符连接 * 重复次数
4 word=abcd: word[0:2]为 ab 0:开始位置(包含) 2结束位置(不包含)
列表(可变对象):
1 定义列表: squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25] or list(range(5)) | list([1,2])
条件控制:
1 if (x > 100) or ok in ('a','b','ok'):
.....
elif (x < 100):
...
2 for n in range(2, 10):
for x in range(2, n):
if n % x == 0:
print(n, 'equals', x, '*', n//x)
break
else:(注意:循环的else子句在未出现break时运行 try语句的else子句在未出现异常时运行)
# loop fell through without finding a factor
print(n, 'is a prime number')
执行结果:
2 is a prime number
3 is a prime number
4 equals 2 * 2
5 is a prime number
6 equals 2 * 3
7 is a prime number
8 equals 2 * 4
9 equals 3 * 3
函数:
1 基本定义:
def fib(n):
ret = [];
a, b = 0, 1;
while a < n:
ret.append(a);
a, b = b, a+b;
return ret;
print(fib(30))
2 函数参数定义:
def parrot(voltage, state='a stiff', action='voom', type='Norwegian Blue'):
调用方式:
parrot(1000) # 1 positional argument
parrot(voltage=1000) # 1 keyword argument
parrot(voltage=1000000, action='VOOOOOM') # 2 keyword arguments
parrot(action='VOOOOOM', voltage=1000000) # 2 keyword arguments
parrot('a million', 'bereft of life', 'jump') # 3 positional arguments
parrot('a thousand', state='pushing up the daisies') # 1 positional, 1 keyword
def cheeseshop(kind, *arguments, **keywords):
调用方式:
cheeseshop("Limburger", "It's very runny, sir.",
"It's really very, VERY runny, sir.",
shopkeeper="Michael Palin",
client="John Cleese",
sketch="Cheese Shop Sketch")
参数解释:
*name必须出现在**name之前
*name形式的形式参数组合,这种形式接收一个元组 这个元组包含除形式参数之外的所有位置参数【It's very runny, sir. It's really very, VERY runny, sir.】
**name形式的形式参数,它将接收一个字典【shopkeeper="Michael Palin" client="John Cleese" sketch="Cheese Shop Sketch】
def write_multiple_items(file, separator, *args):
参数解释:
*args 所有参数 排除位置参数和形参
3 pring(my_function.__doc__) //打印函数的注释
4 print(my_function.__annotations__) //函数 参数注解
类和函数的命名风格要一致;传统上使用 CamelCase (驼峰风格)命名类 而用 lower_case_with_underscores(小写字母加下划线)命名函数和方法