1、NameError:尝试访问一个未申明的变量
>>> v
NameError: name 'v' is not defined
2、ZeroDivisionError:除数为0
>>> v = 1/0
ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero
3、SyntaxError:语法错误
>>> int int
SyntaxError: invalid syntax (, line 1)
4、IndexError:索引超出范围
>>> List = [2]
>>> List[3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
List[3]
IndexError: list index out of range
5、KeyError:字典关键字不存在
>>> Dic = {'1':'yes', '2':'no'}
>>> Dic['3']
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
Dic['3']
KeyError: '3'
6、IOError:输入输出错误
>>> f = open('abc')
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'abc'
7、AttributeError:访问未知对象属性
>>> class Worker:
def Work():
print("I am working")
>>> w = Worker()
>>> w.a
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
w.a
AttributeError: 'Worker' object has no attribute 'a'
8、ValueError:数值错误
>>> int('d')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
int('d')
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'd'
9、TypeError:类型错误
>>> iStr = '22'
>>> iVal = 22
>>> obj = iStr + iVal;
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
obj = iStr + iVal;
TypeError: Can't convert 'int' object to str implicitly
10、AssertionError:断言错误
>>> assert 1 != 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
assert 1 != 1
AssertionError
下面增加一些本人工作过程中遇到过的异常:
11、MemoryError:内存耗尽异常
12、NotImplementedError:方法没实现引起的异常
示例:
1 class Base(object):
2 def __init__(self):
3 pass
4
5 def action(self):
6 raise NotImplementedError
定义一个类,一个接口方法action,如果直接调用action则抛NotImplementedError异常,这样做的目的通常是用来模拟接口
13、LookupError:键、值不存在引发的异常
LookupError异常是IndexError、KeyError的基类
如果你不确定数据类型是字典还是列表时,可以用LookupError捕获此异常
14、StandardError 标准异常。
异常处理有别于错误检测:
错误检测与异常处理区别在于:错误检测是在正常的程序流中,处理不可预见问题的代码,例如一个调用操作未能成功结束