mysql mac编码_Mac环境下的MySQL编码设置

尼玛今天搞了大半天，就为了设置MySQL的编码。

安装好MySQL后重新设置编码，以便正确的处理中文。为啥要设置呢？首先，MySQL是瑞典人搞出来的，默认编码格式是Latin1，至于Latin1是啥，详情可百度。如果不设置，用MySQL创建的数据库中如果含有中文，一定会出现编码问题。先查一下MySQL的默认编码在终端打开MySQL，输入命令

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

结果如下：

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | latin1 |

| character_set_connection | latin1 |

| character_set_database | latin1 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | latin1 |

| character_set_server | latin1 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

也或者类似上面的utf8与Latin1杂交的编码形式，现在我们需要把上面的Latin1的编码全部变成utf8。廖雪峰官网告诉我们要这样操作：在Mac或Linux上，需要编辑MySQL的配置文件，把数据库默认的编码全部改为UTF-8。MySQL的配置文件默认存放在/etc/my.cnf或者/etc/mysql/my.cnf：

[client]

default-character-set = utf8

[mysqld]

default-storage-engine = INNODB

character-set-server = utf8

collation-server = utf8_general_ci

这样就完了。。。。。

我当时傻了，这什么玩意儿？！

最后百度，具体操作应该是这样，先找到/etc文件夹下的my.cnf文件(.cnf是后缀名)。如果没有，到/usr/local/mysql/support-files文件夹下找my-default.cnf文件，然后将其复制到/etc下。再分别在my.cnf文件中的[client]和[mysqld]标签下加上

default-character-set = utf8

和

default-storage-engine = INNODB

character-set-server = utf8

collation-server = utf8_general_ci

于是我去找这两个文件，找累死了！终于没找到。

然后百度，发现了这样一段话

我的MySQL版本是

Server version: 5.7.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

我去泥煤！！！

后来又百度(万能的百度)，没有my.cnf文件自己搞一个。过程如下：

1.先从系统偏好设置里面关掉他妈的MySQL服务！！！

2.打开终端输入以下两行命令

$ cd /etc

$ sudo vim my.cnf

第一行命令不介绍了，第二行命令是创建my.cnf文件

将以下代码在vim编辑器中粘到my.cnf文件里。不会使用vim可以先在B站上学15分钟(vim学习视频)

(以下是要粘贴到my.cnf文件中的代码)

# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.

#

# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays

# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with

# other programs (such as a web server)

#

# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of

# locations which depend on the deployment platform.

# You can copy this option file to one of those

# locations. For information about these locations, see:

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html

#

# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.

# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program

# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

#password = your_password

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server

[mysqld]

character-set-server=utf8

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 16M

max_allowed_packet = 1M

table_open_cache = 64

sort_buffer_size = 512K

net_buffer_length = 8K

read_buffer_size = 256K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

character-set-server=utf8

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,

# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.

# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.

# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows

# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!

#

#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default)

# binary logging is required for replication

log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended

binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1

# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set

# but will not function as a master if omitted

server-id = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)

#

# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between

# two methods :

#

# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -

# the syntax is:

#

# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=, MASTER_PORT=,

# MASTER_USER=, MASTER_PASSWORD= ;

#

# where you replace , , by quoted strings and

# by the master's port number (3306 by default).

#

# Example:

#

# CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,

# MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';

#

# OR

#

# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then

# start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example

# if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to

# connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later

# change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and

# overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown

# the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.

# For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched

# (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)

#

# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1

# (and different from the master)

# defaults to 2 if master-host is set

# but will not function as a slave if omitted

#server-id = 2

#

# The replication master for this slave - required

#master-host =

#

# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting

# to the master - required

#master-user =

#

# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to

# the master - required

#master-password =

#

# The port the master is listening on.

# optional - defaults to 3306

#master-port =

#

# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended

#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables

#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data

#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend

#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data

# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %

# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high

#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M

#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M

# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size

#innodb_log_file_size = 5M

#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M

#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1

#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL

#safe-updates

default-character-set=utf8

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 20M

sort_buffer_size = 20M

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

3.粘完后保存并退出。然后就完事了。

再到打开MySQL，输入

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

结果如下：

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql-5.7.21-macos10.13-x86_64/share/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

到此就结束了。