java espresso车架,Espresso ui单元测试框架初探

Espresso是google出的一款UI单元测试的框架。

首先配置下gradle:

defaultConfig中配置testImstrumentationRunner:java

testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"

dependencies里面配置以下：android

dependencies {

compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])

testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'

compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.0.1'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.2'

}

build variants须要配置成 Android Instrumentation Tests模式：web

先来看看ui测试布局activity_main.xml：app

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"

android:orientation="vertical">

android:id="@+id/button"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:onClick="sayHello"

android:text="button test!"/>

android:id="@+id/edittext"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

android:id="@+id/textview"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

MainActivity中注册click点击事件：框架

public void sayHello(View view) {

mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textview);

mEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edittext);

mTextView.setText("Hello, " + mEditText.getText().toString() + "!");

}

这里咱们在androidTest包下面创建相关单元测试类MainActivityInstrumentationTest:ide

package com.example.hongentao.junitdemo;

import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;

import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;

import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;

import org.junit.Rule;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;

import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;

import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;

import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;

import static android.support.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;

import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;

import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)

@LargeTest

/**

* Created by hongentao on 16/2/26.

*/

public class MainActivityInstrumentationTest {

private static final String STRING_TO_BE_TYPED = "Peter is greate!!! we will be fine! and something will be ok!";

@Rule

public ActivityTestRule mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(

MainActivity.class);

@Test

public void OnclickJunitTest() {

onView(withId(R.id.edittext)).perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED), closeSoftKeyboard()); //line 1

onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click()); //line 2

String expectedText = "Hello, " + STRING_TO_BE_TYPED + "!";

onView(withId(R.id.textview)).check(matches(withText(expectedText))); //line 3

}

}

楼上注解的含义：svg

@Test: 标识一个测试方法。一个测试类中能够有多个测试方法，每一个测试方法须要用一个@Test注解来标识。布局

@Rule: 简单来讲，是为各个测试方法提供一些支持。具体来讲，好比我须要测试一个Activity，那么我能够在@Rule注解下面采用一个ActivityTestRule，该类提供了对相应Activity的功能测试的支持。该类能够在@Before和@Test标识的方法执行以前确保将Activity运行起来，而且在全部@Test和@After方法执行结束以后将Activity杀死。在整个测试期间，每一个测试方法均可以直接对相应Activity进行修改和访问。单元测试

咱们来分析下OnclickJunitTest()方法具体的含义：测试

@Test

public void OnclickJunitTest() {

onView(withId(R.id.edittext)).perform(typeText(STRING_TO_BE_TYPED), closeSoftKeyboard()); //line 1

onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click()); //line 2

String expectedText = "Hello, " + STRING_TO_BE_TYPED + "!";

onView(withId(R.id.textview)).check(matches(withText(expectedText))); //line 3

}

line1代码讲解：

onView(withId(R.id.edittext))—>找到id为editText的View.

perform(typeText(text), closeSoftKeyboard)—>咱们来看下源码：

/**

* Performs the given action(s) on the view selected by the current view matcher. If more than one

* action is provided, actions are executed in the order provided with precondition checks running

* prior to each action.

*

*@param viewActions one or more actions to execute.

*@return this interaction for further perform/verification calls.

*/

public ViewInteraction perform(final ViewAction... viewActions) {

checkNotNull(viewActions);

for (ViewAction action : viewActions) {

doPerform(action);

}

return this;

}

根据注释大概能够看出：根据当前被匹配的View,按照相应的ViewAction按照顺序依次执行。

因此上面 perform(typeText(text), closeSoftKeyboard)的含义为：将text值赋给editText(typeText是将赋值行为转为viewAction)，而后关闭closeSoftKeyboard。

看下closeSoftKeyboard的源码：

}

/**

* Returns an action that closes soft keyboard. If the keyboard is already closed, it is a no-op.

*/

public static ViewAction closeSoftKeyboard() {

return actionWithAssertions(new CloseKeyboardAction());

}

经过注释以及返回值一目了然：

line2代码讲解：

onView(withId(R.id.button)).perform(click())—找到id为button的按钮，执行click点击事件：

line3代码讲解：

onView(withId(R.id.textview)).check(matches(withText(expectedText)));—-找到id为textview的TextView，检查他的值与期盼的值做比较。

来看看怎么运行单元测试代码：

在相应的测试类上点击右键 —run-MainActivityInstrume…以下图所示：

来看看相应的单元测试结果：

好了这期就介绍到这里。