java threadpool原理_Java线程池ThreadPoolExecuter：execute()原理

一、线程池执行任务的流程

如果线程池工作线程数

如果线程池工作线程数>=corePoolSize并且等待队列未满，将task插入等待队列。

如果线程池工作流程数>=corePoolSize并且等待队列已满，且工作线程数

如果线程池工作流程数>=corePoolSize并且等待队列已满，且工作线程数=maximumPoolSize,执行拒绝策略。

二、execute()原理

public void execute(Runnable command) { if (command == null)throw newNullPointerException();/** Proceed in 3 steps:

*

* 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to

* start a new thread with the given command as its first

* task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and

* workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add

* threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.

* 如果运行的线程数小于corePoolSize，尝试创建一个新线程(Worker)，并执行它的第一个任务command

* 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need

* to double-check whether we should have added a thread

* (because existing ones died since last checking) or that

* the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we

* recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if

* stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.

* 如果task成功插入等待队列，我们仍需要进行双重校验是否可以成功添加一个线程

(因为有的线程可能在我们上次检查以后已经死掉了)或者在我们进入这个方法后线程池已经关闭了

* 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new

* thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated

* and so reject the task.

如果等待队列已满，我们尝试新创建一个线程。如果创建失败，我们知道线程已关闭或者已饱和，因此我们拒绝改任务。*/

int c =ctl.get();//工作线程小于核心线程数，创建新的线程

if (workerCountOf(c)

if (addWorker(command, true))return;

c=ctl.get();

}//线程池在运行状态且可以将task插入队列//第一次校验线程池在运行状态

if (isRunning(c) &&workQueue.offer(command)) {int recheck =ctl.get();//第二次校验，防止在第一次校验通过后线程池关闭。如果线程池关闭，在队列中删除task并拒绝task

if (! isRunning(recheck) &&remove(command))

reject(command);//如果线程数=0(线程都死掉了，比如：corePoolSize=0)，新建线程且未指定firstTask，仅仅去轮训workQueue

else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)

addWorker(null, false);

}//线程队列已满，尝试创建新线程执行task，创建失败后拒绝task//创建失败原因：1.线程池关闭；2.线程数已经达到maxPoolSize

else if (!addWorker(command, false))

reject(command);

}

1.  addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core)

private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, booleancore) {

retry://外层循环判断线程池的状态

for(;;) {int c =ctl.get();int rs = runStateOf(c);//线程池状态//Check if queue empty only if necessary.//线程池状态:RUNNING = -1、SHUTDOWN = 0、STOP = 1、TIDYING = 2、TERMINATED = 3//线程池至少是shutdown状态

if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&

//除了线程池正在关闭(shutdown)，队列里还有未处理的task的情况，其他都不能添加

! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&firstTask== null &&

!workQueue.isEmpty()))return false;//内层循环判断是否到达容量上限，worker+1

for(;;) {int wc = workerCountOf(c);//worker数量//worker大于Integer最大上限//或到达边界上限

if (wc >= CAPACITY ||wc>= (core ?corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))return false;//CAS worker+1

if(compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))break retry;//成功了跳出循环

c = ctl.get(); //Re-read ctl

if (runStateOf(c) != rs) //如果线程池状态发生变化，重试外层循环

continueretry;//else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop

// CAS失败workerCount被其他线程改变，重新尝试内层循环CAS对workerCount+1

}

}boolean workerStarted = false;boolean workerAdded = false;

Worker w= null;try{final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;

w= new Worker(firstTask); //1.state置为-1，Worker继承了AbstractQueuedSynchronizer//2.设置firstTask属性//3.Worker实现了Runable接口，将this作为入参创建线程

final Thread t =w.thread;if (t != null) {

//addWorker需要加锁

mainLock.lock();try{//Recheck while holding lock.//Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if//shut down before lock acquired.

int c =ctl.get();int rs =runStateOf(c);if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||(rs== SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {if (t.isAlive()) //precheck that t is startable

throw newIllegalThreadStateException();

workers.add(w);//workers是HashSet

//设置最大线程池大小int s =workers.size();if (s >largestPoolSize)

largestPoolSize=s;

workerAdded= true;

}

}finally{

mainLock.unlock();

}if(workerAdded) {

t.start();

workerStarted= true;

}

}

}finally{if (!workerStarted)

addWorkerFailed(w);

}returnworkerStarted;

}

addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core)

参数：

firstTask：    worker线程的初始任务，可以为空

core：           true：将corePoolSize作为上限，false：将maximumPoolSize作为上限

addWorker方法有4种传参的方式：

1、addWorker(command, true)

2、addWorker(command, false)

3、addWorker(null, false)

4、addWorker(null, true)

在execute方法中就使用了前3种，结合这个核心方法进行以下分析

1、线程数小于corePoolSize。判断workers(HashSet)大小，如果worker数量>=corePoolSize 返回false，否则创建worker添加到workers，并执行worker的run方法(执行firstTask并轮询tworkQueue)；

2、线程数大于corePoolSize且workQueue已满。如果worker数量>=maximumPoolSize返回false，否则创建worker添加到workers，并执行worker的run方法(执行firstTask并轮询tworkQueue)；

3.、没有worker存活，创建worker去轮询workQueue，长度限制maximumPoolSize。

4、prestartAllCoreThreads()方法调用，启动所有的核心线程去轮询workQueue。因为addWorker是需要上锁的，预启动核心线程可以提高执行效率。

2.　ThreadPoolExecutor 内部类Worker

/**

* Class Worker mainly maintains interrupt control state for

* threads running tasks, along with other minor bookkeeping.

* This class opportunistically extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer

* to simplify acquiring and releasing a lock surrounding each

* task execution. This protects against interrupts that are

* intended to wake up a worker thread waiting for a task from

* instead interrupting a task being run. We implement a simple

* non-reentrant mutual exclusion lock rather than use

* ReentrantLock because we do not want worker tasks to be able to

* reacquire the lock when they invoke pool control methods like

* setCorePoolSize. Additionally, to suppress interrupts until

* the thread actually starts running tasks, we initialize lock

* state to a negative value, and clear it upon start (in

* runWorker).

* 1.Worker类主要负责运行线程状态的控制。

* 2.Worker继承了AQS实现了简单的获取锁和释放所的操作。来避免中断等待执行任务的线程时，中断正在运行中的线程(线程刚启动，还没开始执行任务)。

* 3.自己实现不可重入锁，是为了避免在实现线程池控状态控制的方法，例如：setCorePoolSize的时候中断正在开始运行的线程。

* setCorePoolSize可能会调用interruptIdleWorkers()，该方法中会调用worker的tryLock()方法中断线程，自己实现锁可以确保工作线程启动之前不会被中断*/

private final classWorkerextendsAbstractQueuedSynchronizerimplementsRunnable

{/*** This class will never be serialized, but we provide a

* serialVersionUID to suppress a javac warning.*/

private static final long serialVersionUID = 6138294804551838833L;/**Thread this worker is running in. Null if factory fails.*/

finalThread thread;/**Initial task to run. Possibly null.*/Runnable firstTask;/**Per-thread task counter*/

volatile longcompletedTasks;/*** Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory.

*@paramfirstTask the first task (null if none)*/Worker(Runnable firstTask) {

setState(-1); //inhibit interrupts until runWorker //状态置为-1，如果中断线程需要CAS将state 从0->1，以此来保证能只中断从workerQueue getTask的线程

this.firstTask =firstTask;this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);

}/**Delegates main run loop to outer runWorker*/

public voidrun() {

runWorker(this); //首先执行w.unlock,就是把state置为0，对该线程的中断就可以进行了

}//Lock methods//

//The value 0 represents the unlocked state.//The value 1 represents the locked state.

protected booleanisHeldExclusively() {return getState() != 0;

}

//在setCorePoolSize/shutdown等方法中断worker线程时需要调用该方法，确保中断的是从workerQueue getTask的线程protected boolean tryAcquire(intunused) {if (compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {

setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());return true;

}return false;

}protected boolean tryRelease(intunused) {

setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);

setState(0);return true;

}public void lock() { acquire(1); }public boolean tryLock() { return tryAcquire(1); }public void unlock() { release(1); } //调用tryRelease修改state=0，LockSupport.unpark(thread)下一个等待锁的线程public boolean isLocked() { returnisHeldExclusively(); }voidinterruptIfStarted() {

Thread t;if (getState() >= 0 && (t = thread) != null && !t.isInterrupted()) {try{

t.interrupt();

}catch(SecurityException ignore) {

}

}

}

}