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使用cJSON库解析和构建JSON字符串
前言
其实之前的两篇博文已经介绍了json格式和如何使用cJSON库来解析JSON:
- 使用cJSON库解析JSON
- JSON简介
当时在MCU平台上使用时,会出现时间长了死机的情况,在调用cJSON_Print输出格式化后的JSON数据之后,
LOG("JSON数据:n%sn", cJSON_Print(root));
要使用cJSON_Delete释放内存,否则会导致内存泄漏。
cJSON_Delete(root); //调用cJSON_Print时才需要
这一点在嵌入式开发平台要格外注意。
解析和构建JSON的示例程序,我都已经上传到代码托管平台上,示例工程基于CodeBlocks开发环境。
Github仓库地址:https://github.com/whik/cJSON_Demo
Gitee仓库地址:https://gitee.com/whik/cJSON_Demo
或者通过下面的命令clone到本地:
Github:
git clone https://gitee.com/whik/cJSON_Demo.git
Gitee:
git clone https://github.com/whik/cJSON_Demo.git
JSON解析示例包括:
- 和风天气实时数据
- 心知天气实时数据
- 心知天气3天预报数据
- 城市空气质量AQI信息
- 全国油价信息
- 北京时间等。
JSON的构建:
- 简单的键值对
- JSON对象作为键的值
- JSON数组
- JSON数组的嵌套
JSON的构建
cJSON是一个基于C语言的JSON解析库,这个库非常简单,只有cJSON.c
和cJSON.h
两个文件,支持JSON的解析和构建,需要调用时,只需要#include "cJSON.h"
就可以使用了。
由于JSON的解析之前已经介绍过了:使用cJSON库解析JSON,所以本篇博文主要介绍使用cJSON来构建JSON,强大的cJSON库在构建JSON上也是非常的简单。
1.一个简单的JSON键值对构建
构建函数:
void Create_Simple_JSON(void)
{
cJSON *root;
root = cJSON_CreateObject();//创建一个json对象
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "CSDN", cJSON_CreateString("https://blog.csdn.net/whik1194"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "cnblogs", cJSON_CreateString("https://home.cnblogs.com/u/whik/"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "Github", cJSON_CreateString("https://github.com/whik/"));
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "Blog", "http://www.wangchaochao.top/");
printf("构建的JSON:n%sn", cJSON_Print(root));
cJSON_Delete(root);
}
输出结果:
{
"CSDN": "https://blog.csdn.net/whik1194",
"cnblogs": "https://home.cnblogs.com/u/whik/",
"Github": "https://github.com/whik/",
"Blog": "http://www.wangchaochao.top/"
}
2.键的值是一个JSON对象
构建函数:
void Create_BJTime_JSON(void)
{
cJSON *root;
cJSON *result;
root = cJSON_CreateObject();//创建一个json对象
result = cJSON_CreateObject();
//result构建
cJSON_AddItemToObject(result, "timestamp", cJSON_CreateString("ok"));
//等效于下面
// cJSON_AddStringToObject(result, "timestamp", "ok");
cJSON_AddItemToObject(result, "datetime_1", cJSON_CreateString("2019-07-21 10:46:57"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(result, "datetime_2", cJSON_CreateString("2019年07月21日 10时46分57秒"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(result, "week_1", cJSON_CreateString("0"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(result, "week_2", cJSON_CreateString("星期日"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(result, "week_3", cJSON_CreateString("周日"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(result, "week_4", cJSON_CreateString("Sunday"));
//等效于cJSON_AddNumberToObject(root, "ok", 1);
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "status", cJSON_CreateString("success"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "result", result);
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "Blog", "www.wangchaochao.top");
printf("构建的JSON:n%sn", cJSON_Print(root));
cJSON_Delete(root);
}
输出结果:
{
"status": "success",
"result": {
"timestamp": "ok",
"datetime_1": "2019-07-21 10:46:57",
"datetime_2": "2019年07月21日 10时46分57秒",
"week_1": "0",
"week_2": "星期日",
"week_3": "周日",
"week_4": "Sunday"
},
"Blog": "www.wangchaochao.top"
}
3.JSON数组,元素是字符串
构建函数:
void Create_Array_Str_JSON(void)
{
cJSON *root;
const char *strings[7]={"Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"};
root=cJSON_CreateStringArray(strings,7);
printf("%sn",cJSON_Print(root));
cJSON_Delete(root);
}
输出结果:
["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"]
4.键的值是一个数组,数组包含多个对象元素
构建函数:
void Create_Array_JSON(void)
{
cJSON *root;
cJSON *forceast;
cJSON *day1, *day2, *day3; //数组
day1 = cJSON_CreateObject();
day2 = cJSON_CreateObject();
day3 = cJSON_CreateObject();
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day1, "date", "2019-07-21"); //日期
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day1, "cond_txt", "多云"); //天气状况
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day1, "cond_code", "101"); //天气代码
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day1, "hum", "23"); //湿度
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day1, "tmp_H", "31"); //最高温度
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day1, "tmp_L", "25"); //最低温度
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day2, "date", "2019-07-22");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day2, "cond_txt", "晴");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day2, "cond_code", "100");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day2, "hum", "20");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day2, "tmp_H", "33");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day2, "tmp_L", "26");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day3, "date", "2019-07-23");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day3, "cond_txt", "阵雨");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day3, "cond_code", "107");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day3, "hum", "45");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day3, "tmp_H", "32");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(day3, "tmp_L", "25");
forceast = cJSON_CreateArray();
//注意顺序,索引依次递增
cJSON_AddItemToArray(forceast, day1); //元素0
cJSON_AddItemToArray(forceast, day2); //元素1
cJSON_AddItemToArray(forceast, day3); //元素2
root = cJSON_CreateObject(); //创建一个json对象
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "status", "ok");
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "weather", forceast);
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "update", "2019-07-21 11:00");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "Blog", "www.wangchaochao.top");
//等效于:cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "update", cJSON_CreateString("2019-07-21 11:00");
printf("构建的JSON:n%sn", cJSON_Print(root));
cJSON_Delete(root);
}
输出结果:
{
"status": "ok",
"weather": [{
"date": "2019-07-21",
"cond_txt": "多云",
"cond_code": "101",
"hum": "23",
"tmp_H": "31",
"tmp_L": "25"
}, {
"date": "2019-07-22",
"cond_txt": "晴",
"cond_code": "100",
"hum": "20",
"tmp_H": "33",
"tmp_L": "26"
}, {
"date": "2019-07-23",
"cond_txt": "阵雨",
"cond_code": "107",
"hum": "45",
"tmp_H": "32",
"tmp_L": "25"
}],
"update": "2019-07-21 11:00",
"Blog": "www.wangchaochao.top"
}
5.数组内嵌套了5个数组,每个数组内有5个字符串元素
构建函数:
void Create_Array_Nest_JSON(void)
{
struct oil_stu{
char *city; //城市名称
char *oil_92_price; //92号汽油价格
char *oil_95_price;
char *oil_98_price;
char *oil_0_price;
};
cJSON *root;
cJSON *data; //包含多个数组
cJSON *table, *data_bj, *data_sh, *data_js, *data_tj;
const char *bj_str[5] = {"北京", "6.78", "7.21", "8.19", "6.45"};
const char *sh_str[5] = {"上海", "6.74", "7.17", "7.87", "6.39"};
const char *js_str[5] = {"江苏", "6.75", "7.18", "8.06", "6.37"};
const char *tj_str[5] = {"天津", "6.77", "7.15", "8.07", "6.41"};
const char *talbe_str[5] = {"地区", "92号汽油", "95号汽油", "98号汽油", "0号柴油"};
data_bj = cJSON_CreateStringArray(bj_str, 5); //只包含5个字符串的数组
data_sh = cJSON_CreateStringArray(sh_str, 5);
data_js = cJSON_CreateStringArray(js_str, 5);
data_tj = cJSON_CreateStringArray(tj_str, 5);
table = cJSON_CreateStringArray(talbe_str, 5);
data = cJSON_CreateArray();
cJSON_AddItemToArray(data, table);
cJSON_AddItemToArray(data, data_bj);
cJSON_AddItemToArray(data, data_sh);
cJSON_AddItemToArray(data, data_js);
cJSON_AddItemToArray(data, data_tj);
root = cJSON_CreateObject();
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "status", "ok");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "msg", "2019-07-21 11:00");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "update", "2019-07-21 11:00");
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "data", data);
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "About", "wcc");
cJSON_AddStringToObject(root, "Blog", "www.wangchaochao.top");
printf("构建的JSON:n%sn", cJSON_Print(root));
cJSON_Delete(root);
}
输出结果:
{
"status": "ok",
"msg": "全国各省份汽柴油价格信息",
"update": "2019-07-21",
"data": [
["地区", "92号汽油", "95号汽油", "98号汽油", "0号柴油"],
["北京", "6.78", "7.21", "8.19", "6.45"],
["上海", "6.74", "7.17", "7.87", "6.39"],
["江苏", "6.75", "7.18", "8.06", "6.37"],
["天津", "6.77", "7.15", "8.07", "6.41"]
],
"About": "wcc",
"Blog": "www.wangchaochao.top"
}
参考资料
- cJSON库源码:cJSON download
- JSON官方网站:json
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- JSON简介
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