字符串与正则表达式python实验报告分析_python 学习记录（10）-字符串与正则表达式...

1.1 字符串格式化

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 格式化字符串

str1 = "version"

num = 1.0

format = "%s" % str1

print format

format = "%s %d" % (str1, num)

print format

# 带精度的格式化

print "浮点型数字: %f" % 1.25           控制输出小数位数

print "浮点型数字: %.1f" % 1.25

print "浮点型数字: %.2f" % 1.254

# 使用字典格式化字符串

print "%(version)s: %(num).1f" % {"version": "version", "num": 2}     输出格式括号中的内容与key值对应

# 字符串对齐

word = "version3.0"

print word.center(20)            20个字符的中间居中对齐

print word.center(20, "*")     * 取代空格字符

print word.ljust(0)                   输出左对齐

print word.rjust(20)               右对齐

print "%30s" % word                左侧+文字 30 个字符

>>>

version

version 1

浮点型数字: 1.250000

浮点型数字: 1.2

浮点型数字: 1.25

version: 2.0

version3.0

*****version3.0*****

version3.0

version3.0

version3.0

>>>

1.2 转义字符

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 输出转义字符

path = "hello\tworld\n"       一个制表符，一个换行符

print path

print len(path)

path = r"hello\tworld\n"         一个制表符，一个换行符失效，原样输出

print path

print len(path)

# strip()去掉转义字符

word = "\thello world\n"

print "直接输出:", word

print "strip()后输出:", word.strip()                 去掉转义符

print "lstrip()后输出:", word.lstrip()             去掉左边转义符

print "rstrip()后输出:", word.rstrip()

>>>

hello    world

12

hello\tworld\n

14

直接输出:     hello world

strip()后输出: hello world

lstrip()后输出: hello world

rstrip()后输出:     hello world

>>>

1.3 字符连接

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用"+"连接字符串

str1 = "hello "

str2 = "world "

str3 = "hello "

str4 = "China "

result = str1 + str2 + str3

result += str4

print result

# 使用join()连接字符串

strs = ["hello ", "world ", "hello ", "China "]

result = "".join(strs)

print result

# 使用reduce()连接字符串

import operator

strs = ["hello ", "world ", "hello ", "China "]

result = reduce(operator.add, strs, "")

print result

>>>

hello world hello China

hello world hello China

hello world hello China

>>>

1.4 字符串切片

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用索引截取子串

word = "world"

print word[4]

# 使用split()获取子串

sentence = "Bob said: 1, 2, 3, 4"

print "使用空格取子串:", sentence.split()

print "使用逗号取子串:", sentence.split(",")

print "使用两个逗号取子串:", sentence.split(",", 2)

# 字符串连接后将分配新的空间

str1 = "a"

print id(str1)

print id(str1 + "b")

# 特殊切片截取子串

str1 = "hello world"

print word[0:3]

print str1[::2]

print str1[1::2]      以步长为2进行截取

>>>

d

使用空格取子串: ['Bob', 'said:', '1,', '2,', '3,', '4']

使用逗号取子串: ['Bob said: 1', ' 2', ' 3', ' 4']

使用两个逗号取子串: ['Bob said: 1', ' 2', ' 3, 4']

19156480

19847048

wor

hlowrd

el ol

>>>

1.5 字符串的比较

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 字符串的比较

str1 = 1

str2 = "1"                两者类型不同

if str1 == str2:

print "相同"

else:

print "不相同"

if str(str1) == str2:         类型转换后比较

print "相同"

else:

print "不相同"

# 比较字符串的开始和结束处

word = "hello world"

print "hello" == word[0:5]            匹配前5个

print word.startswith("hello")      开始

print word.endswith("ld", 6)           结尾第6个开始

print word.endswith("ld", 6, 10)       从6到9的字符

print word.endswith("ld", 6, len(word))

>>>

不相同

相同

True

True

True

False

True

>>>

1.6 反转字符串

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 使用list的reverse()

def reverse(s):

li = list(s)

li.reverse()     列表反转

s = "".join(li)           列表连接后输出

return s

print reverse("hello")

# 循环输出反转的字符串  即倒序输出

def reverse(s):

out = ""

li = list(s)

for i in range(len(li), 0, -1):

out += "".join(li[i-1])

return out

print reverse("hello")

# 特殊切片反转字符串

def reverse(s):

return s[::-1]           降序排列

print reverse("hello")

>>>

olleh

olleh

olleh

>>>

1.7 字符串的替换和查找

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 查找字符串

sentence = "This is a apple."

print sentence.find("a")

sentence = "This is a apple."

print sentence.rfind("a")           从右边开始查找

>>>

8

10

>>>

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

# 字符串的替换

centence = "hello world, hello China"

print centence.replace("hello", "hi")

print centence.replace("hello", "hi", 1)

print centence.replace("abc", "hi")

>>>

hi world, hi China

hi world, hello China

hello world, hello China

>>>

1.8 时间与字符串的转换

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import time,datetime

# 时间到字符串的转换

print time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.localtime())

# 字符串到时间的转换

t = time.strptime("2008-08-08", "%Y-%m-%d")

y, m, d = t[0:3]                                          取 y m d 的值

print datetime.datetime(y, m, d)            以datetime时间格式输出

>>>

2012-08-20 22:29:25

2008-08-08 00:00:00

>>>

1.9 正则表达式

#!/usr/bin/python

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

import re

s = "hello world"

print re.sub("hello", "hi", s)                        #sub替换

print re.sub("hello", "hi", s[-4:])

print re.sub("world", "China", s[-5:])

>>>

hi world  替换指定字符串

orld       s=hi world，查找hello失败，故只输出分片内容

China    替换为china后输出分片

>>>

# ^与$的使用

s = "HELLO WORLD"

print re.findall(r"^hello", s)   对小写hello进行匹配，匹配失败，为空

print re.findall(r"^hello", s, re.IGNORECASE)    不区分大小写匹配

print re.findall("WORLD$", s)     不区分大小写匹配

print re.findall(r"wORld$", s, re.I)    不区分大小写匹配

print re.findall(r"\b\w+\b", s)    截取字符

>>>

[]

['HELLO']

['WORLD']

['WORLD']

['HELLO', 'WORLD']

>>>

# 特殊字符的使用

s = "你好 WORLD2"

print "匹配字母数字：" + re.sub(r"\w", "hi", s)            hi替换掉字母和数字，共6个，替换6次

print "替换次数：" + str(re.subn(r"\w", "hi", s)[1])

print "匹配非字母数字的字符：" + re.sub(r"\W", "hi", s) 大写匹配非字母和数字

print "替换次数：" + str(re.subn(r"\W", "hi", s)[1])

print "匹配空白字符：" + re.sub(r"\s", "*", s)                    匹配空白字符

print "替换次数：" + str(re.subn(r"\s", "*", s)[1])

print "匹配非空白字符：" + re.sub(r"\S", "hi", s)             大写匹配非空白字符

print "替换次数：" + str(re.subn(r"\S", "hi", s)[1])

print "匹配数字：" + re.sub(r"\d", "2.0", s)

print "替换次数：" + str(re.subn(r"\d", "2.0", s)[1])

print "匹配非数字：" + re.sub(r"\D", "hi", s)

print "替换次数：" + str(re.subn(r"\D", "hi", s)[1])

print "匹配任意字符：" + re.sub(r".", "hi", s)

print "替换次数：" + str(re.subn(r".", "hi", s)[1])

>>>

匹配字母数字：你好 hihihihihihi

替换次数：6

匹配非字母数字的字符：hihihihihihihiWORLD2

替换次数：7

匹配空白字符：你好*WORLD2

替换次数：1

鍖归厤闈炵┖鐧藉瓧绗︼細hihihihihihi hihihihihihi

替换次数：12

匹配数字：你好 WORLD2.0

替换次数：1

鍖归厤闈炴暟瀛楋細hihihihihihihihihihihihi2

替换次数：12

匹配任意字符：hihihihihihihihihihihihihi

替换次数：13

>>>

# 限定符的使用

tel1 = "0791-1234567"

print re.findall(r"\d{3}-\d{8}|\d{4}-\d{7}", tel1)   用 或方式匹配3位加8位和4位加7位的数字，大括号指定位数

tel2 = "010-12345678"

print re.findall(r"\d{3}-\d{8}|\d{4}-\d{7}", tel2)

tel3 = "(010)12345678"

print re.findall(r"[\(]?\d{3}[\)-]?\d{8}|[\(]?\d{4}[\)-]?\d{7}", tel3)匹配括号的方法；

print re.findall(r"a.*?c", "abcabc")

>>>

['0791-1234567']

['010-12345678']

['(010)12345678']

['abc', 'abc']

>>>

# compile()预编译

s = "1abc23def45"

p = re.compile(r"\d+")    对数字类型进行匹配

print p.findall(s)    再在s中寻找

print p.pattern

>>>

['1', '23', '45']

\d+

>>>

# 分组

p = re.compile(r"(abc)\1")   分组abc重复一次

m = p.match("abcabcabc")

print m.group(0)

print m.group(1)

print m.group()    默认分组0

p = re.compile(r"(?Pabc)(?P=one)")

m = p.search("abcabcabc")

print m.group(0)

print m.group("one")

print m.groupdict().keys() 分组字典

print m.groupdict().values()

>>> abcabc abc abcabc abcabc abc ['one'] ['abc'] >>>