在mysql中使用varchar定义_探究MySQL中varchar的定义长度

UTF8字符集下：

SQL>create table test(id int auto_increment,name varchar(10),primary key(id));

SQL>insert into test values(null,'1234567890');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,'abcdefghig');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,12345678901);

ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十1');

ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十一');

ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1

SQL>select id,name,length(name),char_length(name) from test;

+----+--------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+

| id | name | length(name) | char_length(name) |

+----+--------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+

| 1 | 1234567890 | 10 | 10 |

| 2 | 一二三四五六七八九十 | 30 | 10 |

| 3 | abcdefghig | 10 | 10 |

+----+--------------------------------+--------------+-------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

GBK字符集下：

SQL>create table test(id int auto_increment,name varchar(10),primary key(id));

SQL>insert into test values(null,'1234567890');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,'abcdefghig');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,12345678901);

ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十1');

ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五六七八九十一');

ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1

SQL>select id,name,length(name),char_length(name) from test;

+----+----------------------+--------------+-------------------+

| id | name | length(name) | char_length(name) |

+----+----------------------+--------------+-------------------+

| 1 | 1234567890 | 10 | 10 |

| 2 | 一二三四五六七八九十 | 20 | 10 |

| 3 | abcdefghig | 10 | 10 |

+----+----------------------+--------------+-------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

由此可见，varchar定义的长度的单位是字符，哪怕是1个多字节字符也是1个字符，如中文和英文字母都被当作1个字符来对待。

那么varchar能够定义的最大长度是多少呢？这个和你当前所使用的字符集有关。抛开字符，其最大长度为65535字节(这是最大行大小，由所有列共享)，而放在不同的字符集下，能够定义的最大长度就会有所不同，如UTF8下是21845。据说MySQL5中varchar的长度也为字符，而MySQL4中的则为字节，未经证实，感兴趣的有环境可以自己测下。

顺便补充一下，char数据类型定义的长度也为字符，其最大长度为255。

SQL>create table test(id int auto_increment,name char(5),primary key(id));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,'123');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,'12345');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>insert into test values(null,123456);

ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1

SQL>insert into test values(null,'一二三四五1');

ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1

SQL>select id,name,length(name),char_length(name) from test;

+----+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+

| id | name | length(name) | char_length(name) |

+----+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+

| 1 | 123 | 3 | 3 |

| 2 | 12345 | 5 | 5 |

| 3 | 一二三 | 9 | 3 |

| 4 | 一二三四五 | 15 | 5 |

+----+-----------------+--------------+-------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)