java final 编译_Java final字段编译时常量表达式

I couldn’t understand the statement changes to the final field may not be observed

它告诉我们,如果最终变量被声明为编译时常量,那么在程序中使用反射API在最终变量中进行的任何更改都将在执行期间对程序不可见.

例如,考虑下面给出的代码：

import java.lang.reflect.*;

class ChangeFinal

{

private final int x = 20;//compile time constant

public static void change(ChangeFinal cf)

{

try

{

Class clazz = ChangeFinal.class;

Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("x");

field.setAccessible(true);

field.set(cf , 190);//changed x to 190 for object cf

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

ex.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static void main(String[] args)

{

ChangeFinal cf = new ChangeFinal();

System.out.println(cf.x);//prints 20

change(cf);

System.out.println(cf.x);//prints 20

}

}

上面代码的输出是：

20

20

为什么？

答案在于javap -c命令为public static void main提供的输出：

public static void main(java.lang.String[]);

Code:

0: new #3; //class ChangeFinal

3: dup

4: invokespecial #11; //Method "":()V

7: astore_1

8: getstatic #12; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

11: aload_1

12: invokevirtual #13; //Method java/lang/Object.getClass:()Ljava/lang/Cla

ss;

15: pop

16: bipush 20

18: invokevirtual #14; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V

21: aload_1

22: invokestatic #15; //Method change:(LChangeFinal;)V

25: getstatic #12; //Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;

28: aload_1

29: invokevirtual #13; //Method java/lang/Object.getClass:()Ljava/lang/Cla

ss;

32: pop

33: bipush 20

35: invokevirtual #14; //Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V

38: return

}

在第16行(在调用changeFinal方法之前),cf.x的值被硬编码为20.在第33行(调用changeFinal方法之后),cf.x的值再次硬编码为20.因此,虽然最终变量x的值的变化在执行期间由反射API成功完成,但由于x是编译时间常数它显示其常量值20.