在语音分析,合成,转换中,第一步往往是提取语音特征参数。
利用机器学习方法进行上述语音任务,常用到梅尔频谱。
本文介绍从音频文件提取梅尔频谱,和从梅尔频谱变成音频波形。
从音频波形提取Mel频谱:
- 对音频信号预加重、分帧和加窗
- 对每帧信号进行短时傅立叶变换STFT,得到短时幅度谱
- 短时幅度谱通过Mel滤波器组得到Mel频谱
从Mel频谱重建音频波形
- Mel频谱转换成幅度谱
- griffin_lim声码器算法重建波形
- 去加重
声码器有很多种,比如world,straight等,但是griffin_lim是特殊的,它不需要相位信息就可以重频谱重建波形,实际上它根据帧之间的关系估计相位信息。和成的音频质量也较高,代码也比较简单。
音频波形 到 mel-spectrogram
sr = 24000 # Sample rate.
n_fft = 2048 # fft points (samples)
frame_shift = 0.0125 # seconds
frame_length = 0.05 # seconds
hop_length = int(sr*frame_shift) # samples.
win_length = int(sr*frame_length) # samples.
n_mels = 512 # Number of Mel banks to generate
power = 1.2 # Exponent for amplifying the predicted magnitude
n_iter = 100 # Number of inversion iterations
preemphasis = .97 # or None
max_db = 100
ref_db = 20
top_db = 15
def get_spectrograms(fpath):
'''Returns normalized log(melspectrogram) and log(magnitude) from `sound_file`.
Args:
sound_file: A string. The full path of a sound file.
Returns:
mel: A 2d array of shape (T, n_mels) <- Transposed
mag: A 2d array of shape (T, 1+n_fft/2) <- Transposed
'''
# Loading sound file
y, sr = librosa.load(fpath, sr=sr)
# Trimming
y, _ = librosa.effects.trim(y, top_db=top_db)
# Preemphasis
y = np.append(y[0