1、springMVC入门案例，代码配注释解释

1. 结构图
   

2. 创建一个新的工程
   

   注意点：

   • 注意maven配置，可以点击File–other setting–setting for new projects。之后新的maven工程都无需再行配置
   • 注意配置tomact,以war包形式打包

3. 编写controller

   @Controller
   public class UserController {
   
       @RequestMapping(path="/hello")
       public String hello(){
           System.out.println("hello");
           //默认返回的是jsp的文件名字
           return "success";
       }
   }
   

   注意点：

   1. Controller注解为spring中的ioc
   2. return 默认返回的是jsp的名字
   3. success如何与静态资源连接？（视图解析器）

4. 编写pom.xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   
   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
     <groupId>com.chen</groupId>
     <artifactId>springmvc01</artifactId>
     <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <packaging>war</packaging>
   
     <name>springmvc01 Maven Webapp</name>
     <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
     <url>http://www.example.com</url>
   
     <properties>
       <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
       <!--编译版本-->
       <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
       <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
       <!--版本锁定-->
       <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
     </properties>
   
     <dependencies>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>4.11</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
       </dependency>
   
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
         <version>${spring.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
         <version>${spring.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
         <version>${spring.version}</version>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
         <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
         <version>2.5</version>
         <scope>provided</scope>
       </dependency>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
         <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
         <version>2.0</version>
         <scope>provided</scope>
       </dependency>
     </dependencies>
   
     <build>
       <finalName>springmvc01</finalName>
       <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
         <plugins>
           <plugin>
             <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>3.1.0</version>
           </plugin>
           <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
           <plugin>
             <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>3.0.2</version>
           </plugin>
           <plugin>
             <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>3.8.0</version>
           </plugin>
           <plugin>
             <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>2.22.1</version>
           </plugin>
           <plugin>
             <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>3.2.2</version>
           </plugin>
           <plugin>
             <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>2.5.2</version>
           </plugin>
           <plugin>
             <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
             <version>2.8.2</version>
           </plugin>
         </plugins>
       </pluginManagement>
     </build>
   </project>
   
   

5. 编写springmvc.xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
          xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
   
       <!--开启注解的扫描-->
       <context:component-scan base-package="com.chen"></context:component-scan>
   
       <!--视图解析器对象，能够让controller去找到静态文件中的jsp-->
       <bean id ="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
           <!--能够找到资源路径-->
           <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
           <!--能够找到资源路径下以什么为后缀名的文件-->
           <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
       </bean>
   
       <!--需要开启springmvc框架注解的支持-->
       <mvc:annotation-driven/>
   </beans>
   

6. 编写jsp文件

   index.jsp

   <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
   <html>
   <head>
       <title>Title</title>
   </head>
   <body>
   <h3>入门程序</h3>
   
   <a href="hello">入门程序</a>
   </body>
   </html>
   
   

   success.jsp

   <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
   <html>
   <head>
       <title>Title</title>
   </head>
   <body>
   <h3>跳转成功</h3>
   </body>
   </html>
   

7. 编写web.xml

   <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
    "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
    "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
   
   <web-app>
     <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
   
     <servlet>
       <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
       <!--全局的初始化参数-->
       <init-param>
         <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
         <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <!--服务器运行的时候就加载前端控制器-->
       <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
     </servlet>
     
     <servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
     </servlet-mapping>
   </web-app>
   
   

   执行流程：

   1. 当启动Tomcat服务器的时候，因为配置了load-on-startup标签，所以会创建DispatcherServlet对象， 就会加载springmvc.xml配置文件
   2. 开启了注解扫描，那么HelloController对象就会被创建
   3. 从index.jsp发送请求，请求会先到达DispatcherServlet核心控制器，根据配置@RequestMapping注解 找到执行的具体方法
   4. 4根据执行方法的返回值，再根据配置的视图解析器，去指定的目录下查找指定名称的JSP文件
   5. Tomcat服务器渲染页面，做出响应