python elementtree 命名空间_通过'ElementTree'在Python中使用命名空间解析XML

Note ：这是一个对Python的ElementTree标准库有用的答案，不使用硬编码命名空间 .

要从XML数据中提取名称空间的前缀和URI，您可以使用 ElementTree.iterparse 函数，仅解析名称空间启动事件(start-ns)：

>>> from io import StringIO

>>> from xml.etree import ElementTree

>>> my_schema = u'''

... xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"

... xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"

... xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"

... xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"

... xmlns="http://dbpedia.org/ontology/">

...

...

... basketball league

...

... a group of sports teams that compete against each other

... in Basketball

...

...

...

...

'''

>>> my_namespaces = dict([

... node for _, node in ElementTree.iterparse(

... StringIO(my_schema), events=['start-ns']

... )

... ])

>>> from pprint import pprint

>>> pprint(my_namespaces)

{'': 'http://dbpedia.org/ontology/',

'owl': 'http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#',

'rdf': 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#',

'rdfs': 'http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#',

'xsd': 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#'}

然后字典可以作为参数传递给搜索函数：

root.findall('owl:Class', my_namespaces)