Opengl中的矩阵变换

Translation matrices:

x,y,z是你想给某个方向添加的值。例如，如果我们想给向量(10,10,10,1) 在x方向上加10个单位，我们可以有

1. 单位矩阵(Identity matrix)

in C++

glm :: mat4 myIdentityMatrix = glm :: mat4( 1.0 f);

2. Scaling matrices

in c++:

glm :: mat4 myScalingMatrix = glm :: scale( 2.0 f, 2.0 f , 2.0 f);

3. rotation matrices

比较复杂，相关链接： http://www.opengl-tutorial.org/intermediate-tutorials/tutorial-17-quaternions/

4.Cumulating transformations

TransformedVector = TranslationMatrix * RotationMatrix * ScaleMatrix * OriginalVector;

in C++, with GLM :

glm :: mat4 myModelMatrix = myTranslationMatrix * myRotationMatrix * myScaleMatrix;glm :: vec4 myTransformedVector = myModelMatrix * myOriginalVector;

5. Model matrix

某个对象的代表矩阵。需要从模型空间的坐标系转移到世界坐标系。

6.View matrix:

view matrix实际上是想根据你的位置来表示对象的矩阵。例如你想从某个角度看一座山，你可以移动camera也可以移动这座山。实际中你不能移动山，但是在计算机中两者都可以。

C++

glm :: mat4 ViewMatrix = glm :: translate(glm :: mat4(), glm :: vec3( - 3.0 f, 0.0 f , 0.0 f));

glm :: mat4 CameraMatrix = glm :: lookAt( cameraPosition, // the position of your camera, in world space cameraTarget, // where you want to look at, in world space upVector // probably glm::vec3(0,1,0), but (0,-1,0) would make you looking upside-down, which can be great too );

7. Projection Matrix

Projection Matrix 的作用是为了让远处的物体看起来小，近处的物体看起来大。

C++:

// Generates a really hard-to-read matrix, but a normal, standard 4x4 matrix nonetheless glm :: mat4 projectionMatrix = glm :: perspective( glm :: radians(FoV), // The vertical Field of View, in radians: the amount of "zoom". Think "camera lens". Usually between 90° (extra wide) and 30° (quite zoomed in) 4.0 f / 3.0 f, // Aspect Ratio. Depends on the size of your window. Notice that 4/3 == 800/600 == 1280/960, sounds familiar ? 0.1 f, // Near clipping plane. Keep as big as possible, or you'll get precision issues. 100.0 f // Far clipping plane. Keep as little as possible. );

这样我们就从Camera Space(所有顶点的位置都是根据camera的位置来确定)转移到了Homogeneous Space（所有的顶点都定义在一个小的立方体中，里面的所有顶点都将显示到屏幕上)。

8. Cumulating transformations: the ModelViewProjection matrix

// C++ : compute the matrix glm :: mat4 MVPmatrix = projection * view * model; // Remember : inverted !

8.1 生成MVP矩阵

// Projection matrix : 45° Field of View, 4:3 ratio, display range : 0.1 unit <-> 100 units glm :: mat4 Projection = glm :: perspective(glm :: radians( 45.0 f), ( float ) width / ( float )height, 0.1 f, 100.0 f); // Or, for an ortho camera ://glm::mat4 Projection = glm::ortho(-10.0f,10.0f,-10.0f,10.0f,0.0f,100.0f); // In world coordinates // Camera matrix glm :: mat4 View = glm :: lookAt( glm :: vec3( 4 , 3 , 3 ), // Camera is at (4,3,3), in World Space glm :: vec3( 0 , 0 , 0 ), // and looks at the origin glm :: vec3( 0 , 1 , 0 ) // Head is up (set to 0,-1,0 to look upside-down) ); // Model matrix : an identity matrix (model will be at the origin) glm :: mat4 Model = glm :: mat4( 1.0 f); // Our ModelViewProjection : multiplication of our 3 matrices glm :: mat4 mvp = Projection * View * Model; // Remember, matrix multiplication is the other way around

8.2 交给GLSL

// Get a handle for our "MVP" uniform// Only during the initialisation GLuint MatrixID = glGetUniformLocation(program_id, "MVP" ); // Send our transformation to the currently bound shader, in the "MVP" uniform// This is done in the main loop since each model will have a different MVP matrix (At least for the M part) glUniformMatrix4fv(mvp_handle, 1 , GL_FALSE, & mvp[ 0 ][ 0 ]);

8.3 在GLSL中用来转换我们的顶点

// Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader. layout (location = 0 ) in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace; // Values that stay constant for the whole mesh. uniform mat4 MVP; void main(){ // Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position gl_Position = MVP * vec4 (vertexPosition_modelspace, 1 ); }