java JPA用实体类中的配置实现与数据库的交互,从而简化了开发人员自己创建数据库表的繁杂工作。
本次使用的案例是一对多案例,一个导师有多个学生,通过导师可以查询到名下多个学生,通过一个学生连接到仅有的一个导师。
一.搭建开发环境
使用MySQL数据库中的database-》insitute通过JPA将会建立必要的数据库表。
1.创建简单的maven工程
导入必要的坐标在pom.xml中:
<properties>
<hibernate.version>5.4.20.Final</hibernate.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.21</mysql.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.5.5</c3p0.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.30</slf4j.version>
<spring.version>5.2.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--junit单元测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--log日志-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring beg-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.9.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring对orm框架的支持包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--hibernate-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!--c3p0-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.el/javax.el-api -->
<!--使用spring data jpa 必须导入的el-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
二添加代码必要的包及编写代码
1.创建实体类对象在src-》main-》java包下新建class命名为:cn.lut.Student和cn.lut.SuperVisor两个实体类对象并在其中配置实体类创建数据库表的必要代码。
①SuperVisor.java中代码如下:
package cn.lut.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
@Entity
@Table(name = "sv")
public class SuperVisor {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "sv_id")
private Long svId;
@Column(name = "sv_name")
private String svName;
@Column(name = "sv_research")
private String svResearch;
@Column(name = "sv_age")
private Integer svAge;
/*@OneToMany(targetEntity = LinkMan.class)
@JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")//配置外键
cascade:配置级联(配置到设置多表的映射关系的注解上)
CascadeType.ALL:所有(推荐),.MERGE 更新, .PERSIST 保存, .REMOVE 删除。
fetch:配置关联对象的加载方式
EAGER:立即加载
LAZY:延迟加载
*/
//配置导师到学生之间的关系一对多关系
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "superVisor",cascade = CascadeType.ALL,fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
//放弃外键维护权,mapperBy:对方配置关系的属性名称
private Set<Student> students=new HashSet<Student>();
@Override
public String toString() {
return "SuperVisor{" +
"svId=" + svId +
", svName='" + svName + '\'' +
", svResearch='" + svResearch + '\'' +
", svAge=" + svAge +
", students=" + students +
'}';
}
public Long getSvId() {
return svId;
}
public void setSvId(Long svId) {
this.svId = svId;
}
public String getSvName() {
return svName;
}
public void setSvName(String svName) {
this.svName = svName;
}
public String getSvResearch() {
return svResearch;
}
public void setSvResearch(String svResearch) {
this.svResearch = svResearch;
}
public Integer getSvAge() {
return svAge;
}
public void setSvAge(Integer svAge) {
this.svAge = svAge;
}
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
}
②Student.java中代码如下:
package cn.lut.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "stu")
public class Student {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "stu_id")
private Long stuId;
@Column(name = "stu_name")
private String stuName;
@Column(name = "stu_age")
private Integer stuAge;
@Column(name = "stu_major")
private String stuMajor;
/*配置学生到导师的多对一关系
注解配置多对一关系:
1配置表关系,2配置外键(中间表)*/
@ManyToOne(targetEntity = SuperVisor.class,fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
@JoinColumn(name = "sv_stu_id",referencedColumnName = "sv_id")
private SuperVisor superVisor;
public Long getStuId() {
return stuId;
}
public void setStuId(Long stuId) {
this.stuId = stuId;
}
public String getStuName() {
return stuName;
}
public void setStuName(String stuName) {
this.stuName = stuName;
}
public Integer getStuAge() {
return stuAge;
}
public void setStuAge(Integer stuAge) {
this.stuAge = stuAge;
}
public String getStuMajor() {
return stuMajor;
}
public void setStuMajor(String stuMajor) {
this.stuMajor = stuMajor;
}
public SuperVisor getSuperVisor() {
return superVisor;
}
public void setSuperVisor(SuperVisor superVisor) {
this.superVisor = superVisor;
}
}
2.编写接口在cn.lut.dao包下新建两个对象实体类的持久层接口
①StudentDao.java中代码如下:
package cn.lut.dao;
import cn.lut.domain.Student;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
public interface StudentDao extends JpaRepository<Student,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Student> {
}
②SuperVisorDao.java中代码如下:
package cn.lut.dao;
import cn.lut.domain.SuperVisor;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
public interface SuperVisorDao extends JpaRepository<SuperVisor,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<SuperVisor> {
}
3.编写resources下面的配置代码配置文件为applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!--spring和spring data jpa的配置-->
<!--创建entityManagerFactory对象交给spring容器管理-->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--自动扫描实体类的包-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.lut.domain"/>
<!--jap的实现方式-->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
</property>
<!--jpa的供应商适配器-->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="generateDdl" value="false"/><!--自动创建数据库表-->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL"/><!--数据库类型-->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/><!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法-->
<property name="showSql" value="true"/>
</bean>
</property>
<!--注入jpa的配置信息,加载jpa的基本配置信息,和jpa实现方式的配置信息-->
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!--jpa方言高级特性-->
<property name="jpaDialect">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect"/>
</property>
</bean>
<!--创建数据库连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///institute?serverTimezone=UTC"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
</bean>
<!--整合spring data JPA-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="cn.lut.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"></jpa:repositories>
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"></property>
</bean>
<!--声明式事务-->
<!--配置注解包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.lut"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
4.创建测试类在test-》java下新建class命名为:cn.lut.SvToStuTest.java
测试添加和删除操作。
其中代码如下:
package cn.lut.test;
import cn.lut.dao.StudentDao;
import cn.lut.dao.SuperVisorDao;
import cn.lut.domain.Student;
import cn.lut.domain.SuperVisor;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class SvToStuTest {
@Autowired
private StudentDao studentDao;
@Autowired
private SuperVisorDao superVisorDao;
/*测试添加操作
* 级联添加,保存一个导师的同时,保存导师的所有学生,需要在操作主题的实体类上添加Cascade注解操作
* */
@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(value = false)//设置回滚为false
public void testAdd(){
//创建导师数据
SuperVisor visor=new SuperVisor();
visor.setSvName("Tutor");
//创建学生数据
Student stu=new Student();
stu.setStuName("Jack");
//级联添加
visor.getStudents().add(stu);
stu.setSuperVisor(visor);
//保存数据
superVisorDao.save(visor);
}
@Test
@Transactional
@Rollback(value = false)
/*级联删除,删除一号的导师同时删除一号导师的所有学生
* */
public void testCascadeRemove(){
//查询1号导师
SuperVisor one = superVisorDao.getOne(1L);
//删除1号导师
superVisorDao.delete(one);
}
}
项目创建完成后的项目结构如下:
首先测试add方法测试过程中的数据库变化过程如下,添加前和后都包含,
注意当第二次测试删除时我们需要把配置文件application.xml中的配置修改一下才能不出错。
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>//测试add方法时使用
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>//测试add方法时使用
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
</props>
</property>
数据库中信息变化如下:本来数据将会被删除,
至此一个简单的案例使用JPA操作的就完成了。