java框架学习——SpringMVC中响应的方法详细

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-12 06:30:00 发布

Roy-sky

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-12 06:30:00 发布

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分类专栏： # 主流框架文章标签： java spring 过滤器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37719485/article/details/107729664

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一搭建完环境后做相应配置及创建必要的文件
1.搭建完后的项目结构如下：
在这里插入图片描述
2.添加依赖在pom.xml中
pom.xml中的依赖如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.lut</groupId>
  <artifactId>springMVCday02_01Response</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>springMVCday02_01Response Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.2.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>2.11.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>2.11.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>2.11.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.3</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
      <version>2.6</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>springMVCday02_01Response</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

3.编写必要的代码
①实体类User的编写
User.java中的代码如下：

package cn.lut.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Integer age;
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

②控制器类UserController代码的编写

package cn.lut.controller;

import cn.lut.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    //返回值类型String
    @RequestMapping("/testString")
    public String testString(Model model){
        System.out.println("Executing");
        //模拟从数据库查询出user对象
        User user=new User();
        user.setUsername("tom");
        user.setPassword("123");
        user.setAge(23);
        //model对象
        model.addAttribute("user",user);
        return "success";
    }

    //返回值类型void
    //请求转发一次请求，不用编写项目的名称
    @RequestMapping("/testVoid")
    public void testVoid(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{
        System.out.println("Executing");
        //编写请求转发的程序
       // request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp").forward(request,response);
        //重定向
       // response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
        //设置中文乱码
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        //直接会进行响应
        response.getWriter().print("你好");
        return;
    }
    //返回ModelAndView对象
    @RequestMapping("/testModelAndView")
    public ModelAndView testModelAndView(){
        //创建modelAndView对象
        ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
        System.out.println("Executing");
        //模拟从数据库查询出user对象
        User user=new User();
        user.setUsername("Roy");
        user.setPassword("123456");
        user.setAge(23);
        //把user对象存储到mv对象中，也会把user对象存入到request对象中
        mv.addObject("user",user);
        //跳转到那个页面
        mv.setViewName("success");
        return mv;
    }
    //使用关键字的方式进行转发或者重定向
    @RequestMapping("/testForwardOrRedirect")
    public String testForwardOrRedirect(){
        System.out.println("Executing");

        //请求的转发
        //return "forward:/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp";
        //重定向
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
    //Ajax请求方式,模拟异步请求响应
    @RequestMapping("/testAjax")
    public @ResponseBody User testAjax(@RequestBody User user){
        System.out.println("Executing");
        //客户端发送ajax请求，传的是json字符串，后端把json字符串封装到user对象中
        System.out.println(user);
        //做响应模拟查询数据库
        user.setUsername("hello");
        user.setAge(33);
        //做响应
        return user;
    }
}

4.配置相关配置文件
①springmvc.xml中的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.lut"></context:component-scan>
    <!--视图的解析器-->
    <bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
<!--告诉前端控制器，那些静态资源不拦截-->
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/><!--取消样式拦截-->
    <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/><!--取消图片拦截-->
    <!--开启注解springMVC的支持-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

②web.xml中的配置如下

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!--配置前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--前端控制其加载配置文件-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

5.相关页面的编写
①success.jsp中的代码如下：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>执行成功</h3>
${user.username}
${user.password}
</body>
</html>

②index.jsp中的代码如下：


<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>重定向过来的页面</h3>
</body>
</html>

③response.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="js/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

</head>
<body>
<a href="user/testString">testString</a><br/>
<a href="user/testVoid">testVoid</a><br/>
<a href="user/testModelAndView">testModelAndView</a><br/>
<a href="user/testForwardOrRedirect">testForwardOrRedirect</a><br/>
<button id="btn">发送Ajax请求</button>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
    //页面加载绑定单击事件
    $(function () {
        $("#btn").click(function () {
            //alert("hello btn");
            //发送ajax请求
            $.ajax({
                //编写json格式，设置属性和值；
                url:"user/testAjax",
                contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
                data:'{"username":"Jack","password":"123","age":30}',
                dataType:"json",
                type:"post",
                success:function (data) {
                    //data服务器端响应的json的数据，进行解析
                    alert(data);
                    alert(data.username);
                    alert(data.password);
                }
            });
        });
    });
</script>
</html>

注意：在运行后打开默认页面index.jsp而后再浏览器url后面输入：/response.jsp方可测试相关响应方法

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java框架学习——SpringMVC中响应的方法详细

一搭建完环境后做相应配置及创建必要的文件1.搭建完后的项目结构如下：2.添加依赖在pom.xml中pom.xml中的依赖如下：<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.
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