一搭建完环境后做相应配置及创建必要的文件
1.搭建完后的项目结构如下:
2.添加依赖在pom.xml中
pom.xml中的依赖如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.lut</groupId>
<artifactId>springMVCday02_01Response</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springMVCday02_01Response Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.2.7.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.11.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.6</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springMVCday02_01Response</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
3.编写必要的代码
①实体类User的编写
User.java中的代码如下:
package cn.lut.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
②控制器类UserController代码的编写
package cn.lut.controller;
import cn.lut.domain.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
//返回值类型String
@RequestMapping("/testString")
public String testString(Model model){
System.out.println("Executing");
//模拟从数据库查询出user对象
User user=new User();
user.setUsername("tom");
user.setPassword("123");
user.setAge(23);
//model对象
model.addAttribute("user",user);
return "success";
}
//返回值类型void
//请求转发一次请求,不用编写项目的名称
@RequestMapping("/testVoid")
public void testVoid(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)throws Exception{
System.out.println("Executing");
//编写请求转发的程序
// request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp").forward(request,response);
//重定向
// response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
//设置中文乱码
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//直接会进行响应
response.getWriter().print("你好");
return;
}
//返回ModelAndView对象
@RequestMapping("/testModelAndView")
public ModelAndView testModelAndView(){
//创建modelAndView对象
ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView();
System.out.println("Executing");
//模拟从数据库查询出user对象
User user=new User();
user.setUsername("Roy");
user.setPassword("123456");
user.setAge(23);
//把user对象存储到mv对象中,也会把user对象存入到request对象中
mv.addObject("user",user);
//跳转到那个页面
mv.setViewName("success");
return mv;
}
//使用关键字的方式进行转发或者重定向
@RequestMapping("/testForwardOrRedirect")
public String testForwardOrRedirect(){
System.out.println("Executing");
//请求的转发
//return "forward:/WEB-INF/pages/success.jsp";
//重定向
return "redirect:/index.jsp";
}
//Ajax请求方式,模拟异步请求响应
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
public @ResponseBody User testAjax(@RequestBody User user){
System.out.println("Executing");
//客户端发送ajax请求,传的是json字符串,后端把json字符串封装到user对象中
System.out.println(user);
//做响应模拟查询数据库
user.setUsername("hello");
user.setAge(33);
//做响应
return user;
}
}
4.配置相关配置文件
①springmvc.xml中的代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.lut"></context:component-scan>
<!--视图的解析器-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--告诉前端控制器,那些静态资源不拦截-->
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/><!--取消样式拦截-->
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/><!--取消图片拦截-->
<!--开启注解springMVC的支持-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
②web.xml中的配置如下
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--配置前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--前端控制其加载配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
5.相关页面的编写
①success.jsp中的代码如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Success</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>执行成功</h3>
${user.username}
${user.password}
</body>
</html>
②index.jsp中的代码如下:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>重定向过来的页面</h3>
</body>
</html>
③response.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
</head>
<body>
<a href="user/testString">testString</a><br/>
<a href="user/testVoid">testVoid</a><br/>
<a href="user/testModelAndView">testModelAndView</a><br/>
<a href="user/testForwardOrRedirect">testForwardOrRedirect</a><br/>
<button id="btn">发送Ajax请求</button>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
//页面加载绑定单击事件
$(function () {
$("#btn").click(function () {
//alert("hello btn");
//发送ajax请求
$.ajax({
//编写json格式,设置属性和值;
url:"user/testAjax",
contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
data:'{"username":"Jack","password":"123","age":30}',
dataType:"json",
type:"post",
success:function (data) {
//data服务器端响应的json的数据,进行解析
alert(data);
alert(data.username);
alert(data.password);
}
});
});
});
</script>
</html>