Android API开发之蓝牙开发之Android 蓝牙开发小项目

此小项目主要讲述了蓝牙的开发基础

 

比如

 

打开蓝牙 关闭蓝牙 扫描附近设备 获取附近设备信息 连接附近设备 等等

 

1.清单文件 AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.wjn.buletoothdemo">


    <!-- 允许程序链接网络 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <!-- 允许程序连接到已配对的蓝牙设备 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
    <!-- 允许程序发现和配对蓝牙设备 -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
    <!-- 在 Android 6.0 及以上，还需要打开位置权限。如果应用没有位置权限，蓝牙扫描功能不能使用（其它蓝牙操作例如连接蓝牙设备和写入数据不受影响） -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
    <!-- 在Android5.0之前，是默认申请GPS硬件功能的。而在Android 5.0 之后，需要在manifest 中申明GPS硬件模块功能的使用 -->
    <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.location.gps"/>


    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".activity.MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />


                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>


</manifest>

 

 

 

2.布局文件 activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/showtextview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:gravity="center|left"/>


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/open"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="打开蓝牙" />


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/scanner"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="扫描附近蓝牙设备" />


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/stop"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="停止扫描" />


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/close"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="关闭蓝牙" />


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/play"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送数据" />




    <Button
        android:id="@+id/disconnect"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="断开连接" />




    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/listview"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:divider="#FF0000"
        android:dividerHeight="1dp">


    </ListView>
</LinearLayout>

 

 

 

 

3.布局文件 item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">




    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/name"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:gravity="center|left"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
        android:text="设备名称:小米手环"
        android:textSize="18sp" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/adress"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
        android:gravity="center|left"
        android:text="设备地址：192.168.4.115"
        android:textSize="18sp" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/classes"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
        android:gravity="center|left"
        android:text="蓝牙类名：蓝牙类名"
        android:textSize="18sp" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/statees"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
        android:gravity="center|left"
        android:text="蓝牙状态：蓝牙状态"
        android:textSize="18sp" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/typees"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
        android:gravity="center|left"
        android:text="蓝牙类型：蓝牙类型"
        android:textSize="18sp" />


    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/uuidses"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
        android:gravity="center|left"
        android:text="蓝牙UUID：蓝牙UUID"
        android:textSize="18sp" />
</LinearLayout>

 

 

 

 

 

4.BaseAdapter 显示附近设备列表

package com.wjn.buletoothdemo.adapter;


import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;


import com.wjn.buletoothdemo.R;


import java.util.List;


/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/8/15.
 */


public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {


    private Context context;
    private List<BluetoothDevice> list;
    public MyAdapter(Context context,List<BluetoothDevice> data) {
        this.context=context;
        this.list = data;
    }


    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return list.size();
    }


    @Override
    public Object getItem(int i) {
        return list.get(i);
    }


    @Override
    public long getItemId(int i) {
        return i;
    }


    public void setData(List<BluetoothDevice> data) {
        this.list = data;
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }


    @Override
    public View getView(int i, View view, ViewGroup viewGroup) {


        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if(view==null){
            view=View.inflate(context, R.layout.item,null);
            viewHolder=new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.nametextview= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.name);
            viewHolder.addresstextview= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.adress);
            viewHolder.classestextview= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.classes);
            viewHolder.stateestextview= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.statees);
            viewHolder.typeestextview= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.typees);
            viewHolder.uuidsestextview= (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.uuidses);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        }else{
            viewHolder= (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }
        viewHolder.nametextview.setText("设备名称："+list.get(i).getName());
        viewHolder.addresstextview.setText("IP地址："+list.get(i).getAddress());
        viewHolder.classestextview.setText("蓝牙类名："+list.get(i).getBluetoothClass());
        viewHolder.stateestextview.setText("蓝牙状态："+list.get(i).getBondState());
        viewHolder.typeestextview.setText("蓝牙类型："+list.get(i).getType());
        viewHolder.uuidsestextview.setText("蓝牙UUID："+list.get(i).getUuids());
        return view;
    }


    public static class ViewHolder{
        private TextView nametextview;
        private TextView addresstextview;
        private TextView classestextview;
        private TextView stateestextview;
        private TextView typeestextview;
        private TextView uuidsestextview;
    }


}

 

 

 

 

5.MainActivity 主页面

package com.wjn.buletoothdemo.activity;


import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGatt;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCallback;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattCharacteristic;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothGattService;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;


import com.wjn.buletoothdemo.R;
import com.wjn.buletoothdemo.adapter.MyAdapter;


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener,AdapterView.OnItemClickListener{


    private TextView showtextview;
    private Button open;
    private Button scanner;
    private Button stop;
    private Button btn_disconnect;
    private Button play;
    private Button close;
    private ListView listview;
    private List<BluetoothDevice> mData = new ArrayList<>();
    private MyAdapter ListAdapter;


    private BluetoothManager manager;//蓝牙管理器
    private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;//蓝牙适配器
    private boolean issupportbluetooth=false;//当前设备是否支持蓝牙
    private boolean mScanning;//是否可扫描
    private boolean isComment = false;//集合中是否已存在当前设备


    private BluetoothGatt mBluetoothGatt;//链接扫描出来的设备
    private List<BluetoothGattService> services = new ArrayList<>();
    private List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> characteristics = new ArrayList<>();


    public static final UUID UUID1 = UUID.fromString("00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    private static final UUID UUID2 = UUID.fromString("00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb");
    private static final UUID UUID3 = UUID.fromString("6e400001-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e");


    /**
     * Handler机制
     * */


    private static final int FIND_SERVICE = 1;//蓝牙连接设备过程中 发现服务
    private static final int SEND_DATA_FAIL = 2;//蓝牙连接设备过程中 发送数据失败
    private static final int SEND_DATA_SUCCESS = 3;//蓝牙连接设备过程中 发送数据成功
    private static final int SEND_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED = 33;//蓝牙连接设备过程中 没有发送数据权限
    private static final int CONNECT_SUCCESS = 4;//蓝牙连接设备过程中 连接成功
    private static final int CONNECT_FIAL = 5;//蓝牙连接设备过程中 连接失败或是断开连接


    private Handler handler=new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            int type=msg.what;
            switch(type){
                case FIND_SERVICE://蓝牙连接设备过程中 发现服务
                    for (int x = 0; x < services.size(); x++) {
                        characteristics = services.get(2).getCharacteristics();
                        break;
                    }
                    break;
                case SEND_DATA_SUCCESS:
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"数据发送成功！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case SEND_DATA_FAIL:
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"数据发送失败！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case SEND_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED:
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"无发送数据权限！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case CONNECT_SUCCESS://蓝牙连接设备过程中 连接成功
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"连接成功！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                case CONNECT_FIAL://蓝牙连接设备过程中 连接失败或是断开连接
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"连接失败或是断开连接！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
            }
        }
    };


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();//初始化view
    }


    /**
     * 初始化view
     * */


    private void initView() {
        showtextview= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.showtextview);
        open = (Button) findViewById(R.id.open);
        scanner = (Button) findViewById(R.id.scanner);
        close = (Button) findViewById(R.id.close);
        stop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop);
        btn_disconnect = (Button) findViewById(R.id.disconnect);
        play = (Button) findViewById(R.id.play);
        play.setOnClickListener(this);
        btn_disconnect.setOnClickListener(this);
        open.setOnClickListener(this);
        stop.setOnClickListener(this);
        scanner.setOnClickListener(this);
        close.setOnClickListener(this);


        listview = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);
        listview.setOnItemClickListener(this);


        //当前设备是否支持蓝牙
        issupportbluetooth=getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE);
    }


    /**
     * onResume方法
     * */


    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        initBluetooth();//初始化蓝牙
    }


    /**
     * 初始化蓝牙
     * */


    private void initBluetooth() {
        if (!issupportbluetooth) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "当前设备不支持蓝牙！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }else{
            //获取蓝牙管理器
            manager = (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
            //获取蓝牙适配器
            bluetoothAdapter = manager.getAdapter();
        }
    }


    /**
     * 各种点击事件的方法
     * */


    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch(v.getId()){
            case R.id.open://打开蓝牙
                if(issupportbluetooth){
                    if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                        bluetoothAdapter.enable();
                        Toast.makeText(this, "正在打开蓝牙...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }else{
                        Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙已打开！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this, "当前设备不支持蓝牙！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.scanner://扫描附近设备
                if(issupportbluetooth){
                    if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "请先打开蓝牙！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        return;
                    }
                    if (bluetoothAdapter != null && bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "正在扫描中,不要重复扫描！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        return;
                    }
                    //开始扫描
                    scannerBluetooth();
                    Toast.makeText(this, "开始扫描蓝牙...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this, "当前设备不支持蓝牙！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.close://关闭蓝牙
                if(issupportbluetooth){
                    if (bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
                        bluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
                    }
                    if (bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
                        Toast.makeText(this, "蓝牙已关闭！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        bluetoothAdapter.disable();
                    }
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this, "当前设备不支持蓝牙！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.stop://停止扫描
                if(issupportbluetooth){
                    if (bluetoothAdapter != null && bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
                        bluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
                        Toast.makeText(this, "已停止扫描！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this, "当前设备不支持蓝牙！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.disconnect://断开连接
                mBluetoothGatt.disconnect();
                break;
            case R.id.play://发送数据
                sendData();
                break;
        }
    }


    /**
     * 蓝牙扫描附近设备
     * BluetoothDevice 几个方法
     * String name=device.getName();
     * String address=device.getAddress();
     * int state=device.getBondState();
     * int type=device.getType();
     * ParcelUuid[] uuids=device.getUuids();
     */


    private void scannerBluetooth() {
        handler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                mScanning = false;
                bluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
            }
        }, 10000);
        mScanning = true;
        //需要参数 BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback(返回的扫描结果)
        bluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
    }


    /**
     * 蓝牙扫面结果的回调接口
     */
    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {


        @Override
        public void onLeScan(BluetoothDevice bluetoothDevice, int i, byte[] bytes) {
            if(bluetoothDevice!=null&&bluetoothDevice.getName()!=null){
                if(mData.size()==0){//集合中还没有任何设备
                    mData.add(bluetoothDevice);
                    runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            //将扫描的到的bluetoothDevice添加到集合中
                            ListAdapter = new MyAdapter(MainActivity.this,mData);
                            listview.setAdapter(ListAdapter);
                        }
                    });
                }else{//集合中已有设备
                    for(int x =0;x<mData.size();x++){
                        isComment=mData.get(x).getAddress().equals(bluetoothDevice.getAddress()) ? true : false;
                        if(isComment){//集合中已有此设备
                            isComment= false;
                            break;
                        }else{//集合中无此设备 添加
                            mData.add(bluetoothDevice);
                            ListAdapter.setData(mData);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }else{
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"蓝牙扫描无结果！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    };


    /**
     * Listview item点击事件 链接发现的设备
     * */


    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        if (mScanning) {//正在扫描中
            bluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
            mScanning = false;
        }
        //通过蓝牙设备地址 获取远程设备 开始连接
        BluetoothDevice device = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(mData.get(position).getAddress());
        //第二个参数 是否要自动连接
        mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(MainActivity.this, false, mBluetoothGattCallback);
    }


    /**
     * 发送数据
     * */


    private void sendData() {
        //1.准备数据
        byte[] data = new byte[6];
        data[0] = 0x55;
        data[1] = (byte) 0xAA;
        data[2] = 0x00;
        data[3] = 0x03;
        data[4] = 0x02;
        data[5] = (byte) 0xFB;
        if (bluetoothAdapter == null || mBluetoothGatt == null) {
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"蓝牙异常，请重新连接！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
        //2.通过指定的UUID拿到设备中的服务也可使用在发现服务回调中保存的服务
        BluetoothGattService bluetoothGattService = services.get(0);
        //3.通过指定的UUID拿到设备中的服务中的characteristic，也可以使用在发现服务回调中通过遍历服务中信息保存的Characteristic
        BluetoothGattCharacteristic gattCharacteristic = bluetoothGattService.getCharacteristic(UUID1);
        //4.将byte数据设置到特征Characteristic中去
        gattCharacteristic.setValue(data);
        //5.将设置好的特征发送出去
        mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic);
    }


    /**
     * 蓝牙连接设备 或是发送数据到扫描的设备 回调接口
     * */


    private BluetoothGattCallback mBluetoothGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {


        /**
         * 连接成功后发现设备服务后调用此方法
         * @param gatt
         * @param status
         */
        @Override
        public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {//发现该设备的服务
                //拿到该服务 1,通过UUID拿到指定的服务  2,可以拿到该设备上所有服务的集合
                List<BluetoothGattService> serviceList = mBluetoothGatt.getServices();
                //可以遍历获得该设备上的服务集合，通过服务可以拿到该服务的UUID，和该服务里的所有属性Characteristic
                for(int x=0;x<serviceList.size();x++){
                    services.add(serviceList.get(x));
                }
                Message message = Message.obtain();
                message.what = FIND_SERVICE;
                handler.sendMessage(message);
                //可以通过service拿到服务的特性 BluetoothGattCharacteristic  ---描述
            }else{//未发现该设备的服务
                runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,"未发现服务！",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                });
            }
        }


        /**
         * 蓝牙连接状态改变后调用 此回调 (断开，连接)
         * @param gatt
         * @param status
         * @param newState
         */


        @Override
        public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status, int newState) {
            if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {//连接成功
                Message message = Message.obtain();
                message.what = CONNECT_SUCCESS;
                handler.sendMessage(message);
                //连接成功后去发现该连接的设备的服务
                mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices();
            } else if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_DISCONNECTED) {//连接失败 或者连接断开都会调用此方法
                Message message = Message.obtain();
                message.what = CONNECT_FIAL;
                handler.sendMessage(message);
            }
        }


        /**
         * Characteristic数据发送后调用此方法
         * @param gatt
         * @param characteristic
         * @param status
         */


        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {//写入成功
                Message message = Message.obtain();
                message.what = SEND_DATA_SUCCESS;
                handler.sendMessage(message);
            } else if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_FAILURE) {//写入失败
                Message message = Message.obtain();
                message.what = SEND_DATA_FAIL;
                handler.sendMessage(message);
            } else if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_WRITE_NOT_PERMITTED) {// 没有写入的权限
                Message message = Message.obtain();
                message.what = SEND_DATA_NOT_PERMITTED;
                handler.sendMessage(message);
            }
        }


        /**
         * 某Characteristic的状态为可读时的回调
         * @param gatt
         * @param characteristic
         * @param status
         * */


        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
            //读取到值，在这里读数据
            if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
                readCharacterisricValue(characteristic);
            }
        }


        /**
         * 订阅了远端设备的Characteristic信息后
         * 当远端设备的Characteristic信息发生改变后,回调此方法
         * */


        @Override
        public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
            readCharacterisricValue(characteristic);
        }
    };


    /**
     * 读取BluetoothGattCharacteristic中的数据
     * @param characteristic
     */


    private void readCharacterisricValue(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
        byte[] data = characteristic.getValue();
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer("0x");
        int i;
        for (byte b : data) {
            i = b & 0xff;
            buffer.append(Integer.toHexString(i));
        }
        showtextview.setText(buffer.toString());
    }


    /**
     * onDestroy方法
     * */


    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //释放资源
        if (mBluetoothGatt != null) {
            mBluetoothGatt.close();
            mBluetoothGatt = null;
        }
    }
}