[Leetcode]Regular Expression Matching@python

Given an input string (s) and a pattern (p), implement regular expression matching with support for '.' and '*'.

'.' Matches any single character.
'*' Matches zero or more of the preceding element.

The matching should cover the entire input string (not partial).

Note:

• s could be empty and contains only lowercase letters a-z.
• p could be empty and contains only lowercase letters a-z, and characters like . or *.

Example 1:

Input:
s = "aa"
p = "a"
Output: false
Explanation: "a" does not match the entire string "aa".

Example 2:

Input:
s = "aa"
p = "a*"
Output: true
Explanation: '*' means zero or more of the precedeng element, 'a'. Therefore, by repeating 'a' once, it becomes "aa".

Example 3:

Input:
s = "ab"
p = ".*"
Output: true
Explanation: ".*" means "zero or more (*) of any character (.)".

Example 4:

Input:
s = "aab"
p = "c*a*b"
Output: true
Explanation: c can be repeated 0 times, a can be repeated 1 time. Therefore it matches "aab".

Example 5:

Input:
s = "mississippi"
p = "mis*is*p*."
Output: false

思路：

当模式中的第二个字符不是“*”时：

1、如果字符串第一个字符和模式中的第一个字符相匹配，那么字符串和模式都后移一个字符，然后匹配剩余的。

2、如果 字符串第一个字符和模式中的第一个字符相不匹配，直接返回false。

而当模式中的第二个字符是“*”时：

如果字符串第一个字符跟模式第一个字符不匹配，则模式后移2个字符，继续匹配。如果字符串第一个字符跟模式第一个字符匹配，可以有3种匹配方式：

1、模式后移2字符，相当于x*被忽略；

2、字符串后移1字符，模式后移2字符；

3、字符串后移1字符，模式不变，即继续匹配字符下一位，因为*可以匹配多位；

class Solution(object):
    def isMatch(self, s, p):
        """
        :type s: str
        :type p: str
        :rtype: bool
        """
        if not s and not p:
            return True
        if not p:
            return False
        if len(p) > 1 and p[1] == "*":
            if s and (s[0] == p[0] or p[0] == "."):
                return self.isMatch(s, p[2:]) or self.isMatch(s[1:],p[2:]) or self.isMatch(s[1:], p)
            else:
                return self.isMatch(s, p[2:])
        if s and (p[0] == "." or p[0] == s[0]):
            return self.isMatch(s[1:], p[1:])
        return False