C语言文件操作 C - File IO

C - File I/O

A file represents a sequence of bytes, regardless of it being a text file or a binary file.

Opening Files

You can use the fopen()function to create a new file or to open an existing file.

File *fopen(const char *filename, const char *mode);

No	Mode & Description
1	r Opens an existing text file for reading purpose.
2	w Opens a text file for writing. If it does not exist, then a new file is created. Here your program will start writing content from the beginning of the file.
3	a Opens a text file for writing in appending mode. If it does not exist, then a new file is created. Here your program will start appending content in the existing file content.
4	r+ Opens a text file for both reading and writing.
5	w+ Opens a text file for both reading and writing. It first truncates the file to zero length if it exists, otherwise creates a file if it does not exist.
6	a+ Opens a text file for both reading and writing. It creates the file if it does not exist. The reading will start from the beginning but writing can only be appended.

If you are going to handle binary files, then you will use following access modes instead of the above mentioned ones −

"rb", "wb", "ab", "rb+", "r+b", "wb+", "w+b", "ab+", "a+b"

Writing a File

int fputc( int c, FILE *fp );				//char
//return c, then written on success, otherwise EOF.

int fputs( const char *s, FILE *fp );		//string

//return nonnegative value on success, otherwise EOF.

int fprintf(fp, const char *format);		//string

Closing a File

To close a file, use the fclose( ) function.

int fclose( FILE *fp );

Example Writing

#include <stdio.h>

main() {
   FILE *fp;		//flie

   fp = fopen("/c/test.txt", "w+");		//address and mode
   fprintf(fp, "This is testing for fprintf...\n");		//writing	
   fputs("This is testing for fputs...\n", fp);			//writing
   fclose(fp);		//close
}

Reading a File

int fgetc( FILE * fp );		//char
char *fgets( char *buf, int n, FILE *fp );	//string

Example Reading

#include <stdio.h>

main() {
   FILE *fp;
   char buff[255];

   fp = fopen("/c/test.txt", "r");
   fscanf(fp, "%s", buff);
   printf("1 : %s\n", buff );

   fgets(buff, 255, (FILE*)fp);
   printf("2: %s\n", buff );
   
   fgets(buff, 255, (FILE*)fp);
   printf("3: %s\n", buff );
   fclose(fp);
}

/* Result */
1: This
2: is testing for fprintf...

3: This is testing for fputs...

First,fscanf() read just This because after that, it encountered a space.

second call is for fgets() which reads the remaining line till it encountered end of line(\n).

Finally, the last call fgets() reads the second line completely.

Binary I/O Functions

size_t fread(void *ptr,
             size_t size_of_elements,
             size_t number_of_elements,
             FILE *a_file);

size_t fwrite(const void *ptr,
              size_t size_of_elements,
              size_t number_of_elements,
              FILE *a_file);

PS： 以上笔记整理至: C - File I/O