1. 区别说明
1.tcp是可靠的、面向连接的双向字节流通信,并且内核有对应缓冲区。
2.udp是无连接的数据报的通信方式,内核无对应缓冲区。
我想关于二者有无缓冲区的区别做一点说明:
(1)TCP有缓冲区:A发B收,A send时发了100个字节,B单次 recv时只收50个字节,A发的100个字节是会全部到达B端的内核接收缓冲区的,B第一次收了50个字节,从内核缓冲区取走了50个字节,剩余的50个字节还存在于内核缓冲区中,后面再次recv可以读到另外的50个字节。
(2)UDP无缓冲区:接收端每次应该尽可能多的接收数据(udp的数据包理论上大小不应超过路径MTU,通常为1500字节,考虑到UDP的数据头,实际有效的数据部分为1476个字节,所以可以设置每次接收的包大小为2K,甚至更多)。如果一次收不完,想再次去读取是读不到的,数据已经丢失了,是只给读一次的机会,收多少就是多少。
2. 例子:
(1)UDP
client代码
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main()
{
int total = 0;
int clifd=0;
clifd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(clifd<0){
perror("socke failed");
return -1;
}
printf("socket success\n");
struct sockaddr_in seraddr={0};
seraddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
seraddr.sin_port=htons(8888);
char buf[36]={0};
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf)-1, stdin);
//向服务器发送消息
while(1)
{
int ret=0;
ret=sendto(clifd,buf,strlen(buf),0,(struct sockaddr *)&seraddr,sizeof(seraddr));
if(ret<0){
perror("sendto failed");
return -1;
}
printf("sendto success\n");
printf("client send: %d\n",ret);
printf("client total send: %d\n",total+=ret);
sleep(10);
}
return 0;
}
server代码
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main()
{
int ret=0;
int total = 0;
int serfd=0;
serfd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);
if(serfd<0){
perror("socke failed");
return -1;
}
printf("socket success\n");
//绑定IP地址和端口信息
struct sockaddr_in seraddr={0};
seraddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
seraddr.sin_port=htons(8888);
ret=bind(serfd,(struct sockaddr *)&seraddr,sizeof(seraddr));
if(ret<0){
perror("bind failed");
return -1;
}
printf("bind success\n");
//接收发送自客户端的消息
while(1)
{
int addrlen=0;
char buf[3]={0};
struct sockaddr_in clientaddr={0};
addrlen=sizeof(clientaddr);
ret=recvfrom(serfd,buf,sizeof(buf),0,(struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr,&addrlen);
if(ret<0){
perror("recvfrom failed");
return -1;
}
total += ret;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
printf("recvfrom success\n");
printf("IP=%s,port=%u\n",inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr),ntohs(clientaddr.sin_port));
printf("server recv:%d\n",ret);
printf("server total recv:%d\n",total);
}
return 0;
}
运行结果:
(2)TCP
client代码
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main()
{
int total = 0;
int fd=0;
fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(fd<0)
{
perror("socke failed");
return -1;
}
printf("socket success\n");
char buf[36]={0};
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf)-1, stdin);
int ret=0;
struct sockaddr_in seraddr={0};
seraddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
seraddr.sin_port=htons(8888);
ret = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&seraddr, sizeof(seraddr));
if (ret < 0){
perror("connect failed");
return -1;
}
while(1)
{
ret=write(fd, buf, strlen(buf));
if(ret<0){
perror("send failed");
close(fd);
return -1;
}
printf("send success\n");
printf("client send: %d\n",ret);
printf("client total send: %d\n",total+=ret);
sleep(10);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
server代码
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main()
{
int total = 0;
int fd = 0;
int listen_fd=0;
listen_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
if(listen_fd<0){
perror("socke failed");
return -1;
}
printf("socket success\n");
int ret=0;
struct sockaddr_in seraddr={0};
seraddr.sin_family=AF_INET;
seraddr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
seraddr.sin_port=htons(8888);
ret = bind(listen_fd,(struct sockaddr *)&seraddr,sizeof(seraddr));
if(ret<0)
{
perror("bind failed");
return -1;
}
printf("bind success\n");
listen(listen_fd, 10);
fd = accept(listen_fd, NULL, NULL);
if (fd <= 0) {
perror("accept failed!\n");
return -1;
}
while(1)
{
char buf[3]={0};
ret = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if(ret<0){
perror("recv failed");
close(fd);
return -1;
}
else if(!ret){
printf("socket close by peer!\n");
close(fd);
return -1;
}
total += ret;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
printf("recv success\n");
printf("server recv:%d\n",ret);
printf("server total recv:%d\n",total);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
结果: