如今不论是校招还是社招,大多数公司都会有笔试+面试的算法题,以此来考察候选人的数据结构和算法能力,因此我们面试前最好复习下算法,简单来说就是刷题呗!
以下是本人社招时在Leetcode和牛客网上的大厂的高频题,大概二三百道,此系列只列出最热门的一百来道,代码都是Leetcode上的,可以正常运行。大家可以根据下面推荐的题目来有选择的刷题,最好是进入Leetcode或牛客来刷,里面有许多优秀解法可以参考!
常见算法有背包、DFS、BFS、动态规划、数组、状态压缩、图优化、数学推导、字符串、链表二叉树、邻接表、图优化等等。
下面是正常的题目,大家可以参考一下:
1、实现最小栈
class MinStack {
stack<int> x_stack;
stack<int> min_stack;
public:
MinStack() {
min_stack.push(INT_MAX);
}
void push(int x) {
x_stack.push(x);
min_stack.push(min(min_stack.top(), x));
}
void pop() {
x_stack.pop();
min_stack.pop();
}
int top() {
return x_stack.top();
}
int getMin() {
return min_stack.top();
}
};
// 2021.04.17
2、买卖股票的最佳时机——只能买卖一次
class Solution {
public:
int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
int inf = 1e9;
int minprice = inf, maxprofit = 0;
for (int price: prices) {
maxprofit = max(maxprofit, price - minprice);
minprice = min(price, minprice);
}
return maxprofit;
}
};
3、买卖股票的最佳时机 II——可以进行多次买入和卖出
(1)动态规划
/*******
定义状态 dp[i][0] 表示第 i 天交易完后手里没有股票的最大利润,dp[i][1] 表示第 i 天交易完后手里持有一支股票的最大利润(i 从 0 开始)。
dp[i][0]=max{dp[i−1][0],dp[i−1][1]+prices[i]}
dp[i][1]=max{dp[i−1][1],dp[i−1][0]−prices[i]}
*******/
class Solution {
public:
int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
int n = prices.size();
int dp[n][2];
dp[0][0] = 0, dp[0][1] = -prices[0];
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
dp[i][0] = max(dp[i - 1][0], dp[i - 1][1] + prices[i]);
dp[i][1] = max(dp[i - 1][1], dp[i - 1][0] - prices[i]);
}
return dp[n - 1][0];
}
};
(2)贪心
class Solution {
public:
int maxProfit(vector<int>& prices) {
int ans = 0;
int n = prices.size();
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
ans += max(0, prices[i] - prices[i - 1]);
}
return ans;
}
};
作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-ii/solution/mai-mai-gu-piao-de-zui-jia-shi-ji-ii-by-leetcode-s/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
4、买卖股票的最佳时机 IV——最多可以进行K次买卖
我们用buy[i][j] 表示对于数组prices[0..i] 中的价格而言,进行恰好 j 笔交易,并且当前手上持有一支股票,这种情况下的最大利润;
用 sell[i][j] 表示恰好进行 j 笔交易,并且当前手上不持有股票,这种情况下的最大利润
class Solution {
public:
int maxProfit(int k, vector<int>& prices) {
if (prices.empty()) {
return 0;
}
int n = prices.size();
k = min(k, n / 2);
vector<vector<int>> buy(n, vector<int>(k + 1));
vector<vector<int>> sell(n, vector<int>(k + 1));
buy[0][0] = -prices[0];
sell[0][0] = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= k; ++i) {
buy[0][i] = sell[0][i] = INT_MIN / 2;
}
for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
buy[i][0] = max(buy[i - 1][0], sell[i - 1][0] - prices[i]);
for (int j = 1; j <= k; ++j) {
buy[i][j] = max(buy[i - 1][j], sell[i - 1][j] - prices[i]);
sell[i][j] = max(sell[i - 1][j], buy[i - 1][j - 1] + prices[i]);
}
}
return *max_element(sell[n - 1].begin(), sell[n - 1].end());
}
};
作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/best-time-to-buy-and-sell-stock-iv/solution/mai-mai-gu-piao-de-zui-jia-shi-ji-iv-by-8xtkp/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
//2021.04.18
5、合并K个有序链表——归并排序
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode *a, ListNode *b) {
if ((!a) || (!b)) return a ? a : b;
ListNode head, *tail = &head, *aPtr = a, *bPtr = b;
while (aPtr && bPtr) {
if (aPtr->val < bPtr->val) {
tail->next = aPtr; aPtr = aPtr->next;
} else {
tail->next = bPtr; bPtr = bPtr->next;
}
tail = tail->next;
}
tail->next = (aPtr ? aPtr : bPtr);
return head.next;
}
ListNode* merge(vector <ListNode*> &lists, int l, int r) {
if (l == r) return lists[l];
if (l > r) return nullptr;
int mid = (l + r) >> 1;
return mergeTwoLists(merge(lists, l, mid), merge(lists, mid + 1, r));
}
ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) {
return merge(lists, 0, lists.size() - 1);
}
};
6、全排列——非字典序——非常重要
class Solution {
public:
void backtrack(vector<vector<int>>& res, vector<int>& output, int first, int len){
// 所有数都填完了
if (first == len) {
res.emplace_back(output);
return;
}
for (int i = first; i < len; ++i) {
// 动态维护数组
swap(output[i], output[first]);
// 继续递归填下一个数
backtrack(res, output, first + 1, len);
// 撤销操作
swap(output[i], output[first]);
}
}
vector<vector<int>> permute(vector<int>& nums) {
vector<vector<int> > res;
backtrack(res, nums, 0, (int)nums.size());
return res;
}
};
7、接雨水——非常经典——单调栈
class Solution {
public int trap(int[] height) {
int ans = 0;
Deque<Integer> stack = new LinkedList<Integer>();
int n = height.length;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
while (!stack.isEmpty() && height[i] > height[stack.peek()]) {
int top = stack.pop();
if (stack.isEmpty()) {
break;
}
int left = stack.peek();
int currWidth = i - left - 1;
int currHeight = Math.min(height[left], height[i]) - height[top];
ans += currWidth * currHeight;
}
stack.push(i);
}
return ans;
}
}
作者:LeetCode-Solution
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/trapping-rain-water/solution/jie-yu-shui-by-leetcode-solution-tuvc/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
class Solution {
using ll = long long;
public:
vector<int> getOrder(vector<vector<int>>& t) {
int n = t.size();
priority_queue<tuple<int, int, int>, vector<tuple<int, int, int>>, greater<tuple<int, int, int>>> q;
priority_queue<pair<int, int>, vector<pair<int, int>>, greater<pair<int, int>>> pq;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
q.push({t[i][0], t[i][1], i});
}
ll cur = 0;
vector<int> ret;
while(n--) {
while(!q.empty()) {
auto [begin, time, index] = q.top();
if(begin <= cur) {
q.pop();
pq.push({time, index});
} else {
break;
}
}
if(pq.empty()) {
auto [begin, time, index] = q.top();
q.pop();
pq.push({time, index});
cur += begin;
}
auto [time, index] = pq.top();
pq.pop();
ret.push_back(index);
cur += time;
}
return ret;
}
};
//2021.04.19
8、输出二叉树的右视图
思路: 我们按照 「根结点 -> 右子树 -> 左子树」 的顺序访问,就可以保证每层都是最先访问最右边的节点的。
(与先序遍历 「根结点 -> 左子树 -> 右子树」 正好相反,先序遍历每层最先访问的是最左边的节点)
时间复杂度: O(N),每个节点都访问了 1 次。
空间复杂度: O(N),因为这不是一棵平衡二叉树,二叉树的深度最少是 logN, 最坏的情况下会退化成一条链表,深度就是 NN,因此递归时使用的栈空间是 O(N) 的。
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> res;
void dfs(TreeNode* root,int depth){
if(root == nullptr)
return ;
if(depth == res.size())
res.push_back(root->val);
depth++;
dfs(root->right,depth);
dfs(root->left,depth);
}
vector<int> rightSideView(TreeNode* root) {
int depth = 0;
dfs(root,depth);
return res;
}
};
9、岛屿数量——类似问题需要查看!!!!!!!!
https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-islands/solution/dao-yu-lei-wen-ti-de-tong-yong-jie-fa-dfs-bian-li-/
(1)DFS
class Solution {
private:
void dfs(vector<vector<char>>& grid, int r, int c) {
int nr = grid.size();
int nc = grid[0].size();
grid[r][c] = '0';
if (r - 1 >= 0 && grid[r-1][c] == '1') dfs(grid, r - 1, c);
if (r + 1 < nr && grid[r+1][c] == '1') dfs(grid, r + 1, c);
if (c - 1 >= 0 && grid[r][c-1] == '1') dfs(grid, r, c - 1);
if (c + 1 < nc && grid[r][c+1] == '1') dfs(grid, r, c + 1);
}
public:
int numIslands(vector<vector<char>>& grid) {
int nr = grid.size();
if (!nr) return 0;
int nc = grid[0].size();
int num_islands = 0;
for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) {
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
if (grid[r][c] == '1') {
++num_islands;
dfs(grid, r, c);
}
}
}
return num_islands;
}
};
(2)查并集——非常重要!!!!!!!!!!!!!!--------------------明晚重新写一遍!
class UnionFind {
public:
UnionFind(vector<vector<char>>& grid) {
count = 0;
int m = grid.size();
int n = grid[0].size();
for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
if (grid[i][j] == '1') {
parent.push_back(i * n + j);
++count;
}
else {
parent.push_back(-1);
}
rank.push_back(0);
}
}
}
int find(int i) {
if (parent[i] != i) {
parent[i] = find(parent[i]);
}
return parent[i];
}
void unite(int x, int y) {
int rootx = find(x);
int rooty = find(y);
if (rootx != rooty) {
if (rank[rootx] < rank[rooty]) {
swap(rootx, rooty);
}
parent[rooty] = rootx;
if (rank[rootx] == rank[rooty]) rank[rootx] += 1;
--count;
}
}
int getCount() const {
return count;
}
private:
vector<int> parent;
vector<int> rank;
int count;
};
class Solution {
public:
int numIslands(vector<vector<char>>& grid) {
int nr = grid.size();
if (!nr) return 0;
int nc = grid[0].size();
UnionFind uf(grid);
int num_islands = 0;
for (int r = 0; r < nr; ++r) {
for (int c = 0; c < nc; ++c) {
if (grid[r][c] == '1') {
grid[r][c] = '0';
if (r - 1 >= 0 && grid[r-1][c] == '1') uf.unite(r * nc + c, (r-1) * nc + c);
if (r + 1 < nr && grid[r+1][c] == '1') uf.unite(r * nc + c, (r+1) * nc + c);
if (c - 1 >= 0 && grid[r][c-1] == '1') uf.unite(r * nc + c, r * nc + c - 1);
if (c + 1 < nc && grid[r][c+1] == '1') uf.unite(r * nc + c, r * nc + c + 1);
}
}
}
return uf.getCount();
}
};
作者:LeetCode
链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-islands/solution/dao-yu-shu-liang-by-leetcode/
来源:力扣(LeetCode)
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。