初识 OpenCV 之线性混合，亮度与对比度，各种混合

觉得Opencv越来越好玩了。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

图像的变换可以分成两种

1 - 像素变换 – 点操作  

2- 邻域操作 – 区域

其中调整图像亮度和对比度属于像素变换-点操作

上次调整亮度用的是掩膜也同样是点操作

f（i，j）代表每一个像素点，alpha一般叫做增益参数，表征对比度，而beta成为偏置参数，表征亮度变化。

Mat des1 = Mat::zeros(src.size(),src.type());
    int count = des1.channels();
    int weight = des1.rows;
    int hight = des1.cols;
    float a = 1.2;
    float b1 = 30;
    Mat m1;
    src.convertTo(m1,CV_32F);//把src 转换成32位的float  的m1，提高精度
        for (int row = 0; row < hight; row++)
        {
            for (int col = 0; col < weight; col++)
            {
                float b = m1.at<Vec3f>(row, col)[0];//at<Vec3f>取出像素点的值
                float g = m1.at<Vec3f>(row, col)[1];
                float r = m1.at<Vec3f>(row, col)[2];
                des1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0] = saturate_cast<uchar>(b*a+b1);//saturate_cast<uchar> 确保0-255
                des1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1] = saturate_cast<uchar>(g*a+b1);
                des1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2] = saturate_cast<uchar>(r*a+b1);
            }
        }
   

图像线性混合的数学原理

取出每一个像素点进行操作，然后进行加权混合

G(x)=(1-alpha)F(x)+alphaQ(x)    1 > alpha  > 0

主要代码：
        for (int row = 0; row < m1.rows; row++)
        {
            for (int col = 0; col < m1.cols; col++)
            {
                float b = m1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0];
                float g = m1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1];
                float r = m1.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2];

                float b1 = m2.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0];
                float g1 = m2.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1];
                float r1 = m2.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2];

                m3.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[0] = b*alpha + (1 - alpha)*b1;
                m3.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[1] = g*alpha + (1 - alpha)*g1;
                m3.at<Vec3b>(row, col)[2] = r*alpha + (1 - alpha)*r1;
            }
        }

还可以使用addWeighted（）

@note Saturation is not applied when the output array has the depth CV_32S. You may even get
result of an incorrect sign in the case of overflow.
@param src1 first input array.
@param alpha weight of the first array elements.
@param src2 second input array of the same size and channel number as src1.
@param beta weight of the second array elements.
@param gamma scalar added to each sum.
@param dst output array that has the same size and number of channels as the input arrays.
@param dtype optional depth of the output array; when both input arrays have the same depth, dtype
can be set to -1, which will be equivalent to src1.depth().
@sa  add, subtract, scaleAdd, Mat::convertTo
*/
CV_EXPORTS_W void addWeighted(InputArray src1, double alpha, InputArray src2,
                              double beta, double gamma, OutputArray dst, int dtype = -1);

addWeighted(m1, alpha, m2, (1 - alpha), 0, m4, -1);

左边的就是addWeight

 

可以使用add（）

@note Saturation is not applied when the output array has the depth CV_32S. You may even get
result of an incorrect sign in the case of overflow.
@param src1 first input array or a scalar.
@param src2 second input array or a scalar.
@param dst output array that has the same size and number of channels as the input array(s); the
depth is defined by dtype or src1/src2.
@param mask optional operation mask - 8-bit single channel array, that specifies elements of the
output array to be changed.
@param dtype optional depth of the output array (see the discussion below).
@sa subtract, addWeighted, scaleAdd, Mat::convertTo
*/
CV_EXPORTS_W void add(InputArray src1, InputArray src2, OutputArray dst,
                      InputArray mask = noArray(), int dtype = -1);

 

也可以使用subtract（）

@note Saturation is not applied when the output array has the depth CV_32S. You may even get
result of an incorrect sign in the case of overflow.
@param src1 first input array or a scalar.
@param src2 second input array or a scalar.
@param dst output array of the same size and the same number of channels as the input array.
@param mask optional operation mask; this is an 8-bit single channel array that specifies elements
of the output array to be changed.
@param dtype optional depth of the output array
@sa  add, addWeighted, scaleAdd, Mat::convertTo
  */
CV_EXPORTS_W void subtract(InputArray src1, InputArray src2, OutputArray dst,
                           InputArray mask = noArray(), int dtype = -1);

 

multiply（）

@note Saturation is not applied when the output array has the depth
CV_32S. You may even get result of an incorrect sign in the case of
overflow.
@param src1 first input array.
@param src2 second input array of the same size and the same type as src1.
@param dst output array of the same size and type as src1.
@param scale optional scale factor.
@param dtype optional depth of the output array
@sa add, subtract, divide, scaleAdd, addWeighted, accumulate, accumulateProduct, accumulateSquare,
Mat::convertTo
*/
CV_EXPORTS_W void multiply(InputArray src1, InputArray src2,
                           OutputArray dst, double scale = 1, int dtype = -1);

 

divide()

@note Saturation is not applied when the output array has the depth CV_32S. You may even get
result of an incorrect sign in the case of overflow.
@param src1 first input array.
@param src2 second input array of the same size and type as src1.
@param scale scalar factor.
@param dst output array of the same size and type as src2.
@param dtype optional depth of the output array; if -1, dst will have depth src2.depth(), but in
case of an array-by-array division, you can only pass -1 when src1.depth()==src2.depth().
@sa  multiply, add, subtract
*/
CV_EXPORTS_W void divide(InputArray src1, InputArray src2, OutputArray dst,
                         double scale = 1, int dtype = -1);