设计模式-创建型-建造者模式（Builder）

设计模式-创建型-建造者模式（Builder）

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前言

建造者模式属于创建型设计模式，当我们需要一个对象时，而这个对象又存在无比复杂的关系，导致这个对象巨大，那么我们可以通过建造者模式，将一个大对象拆分成多个小对象，分步骤进行创建。所以建造者模式经常用来创建复杂的合成对象，可以自定义配置步骤。

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一、建造者模式（Builder）

用来创建复合型对象，将一个原本的大对象拆分成多个小对象，然后可以自定义进行选配组合。

二、应用场景

创建简单对象通常使用工厂模式，而创建复杂对象时可以优先考虑建造者模式

• 相同的方法，不同的执行顺序，产生不同的结果（对象）。
• 多个部件（对象），可以随意拼接到同一对象，但产生的结果有不相同—（乐高）。
• 初始化复杂对象时，参数多并且都具有默认值的情况下。
• 大量的重载构造函数。

三、角色分析

1. 产品类(Product):具体的产品
2. 抽象建造者(IBuilder)：定义产品对象的各个部件的抽象接口。
3. 建造者(Builder)：实现IBuilder的接口用于构造和装配该产品的各个部件。
4. 调用者（Director）：指挥调用具体的建造者，来创建对象的各个部分，在指导者中不涉及具体产品的信息，只负责保证对象各部分完整创建或者按某种顺序创建。

四、代码实现

1.产品类

先确定相对复杂的产品类

#region Product

    /// <summary>
    /// CommonUser-Product
    /// </summary>
    public class User
    {

        public Guid Id { get; set; } = System.Guid.NewGuid();
        public string? Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public Role role { get; set; }
        public List<OtherAccount> Accounts { get; set; } = new List<OtherAccount>();
        public List<PasswordHistory> passwordList { get; set; } = new List<PasswordHistory>();
    }
    public class Role
    {
        public Role(string role)
        {
            RoleName = role;
        }
        public string? RoleName { get; set; }
    }
    public class OtherAccount
    {
        public OtherAccount(string account)
        {
            otherAccountNumber = account;
        }
        public string otherAccountNumber { get; set; }
    }
    public class PasswordHistory
    {
        public PasswordHistory(string pwd)
        {
            password = pwd;
        }
        public string password { get; set; }
    }
    #endregion

2.抽象建造者

定义产品对象的各个部件的抽象接口

 public interface IUserBuilder
    {
        User SetUserInfo(string name, int age);
        User SetRole(string role);
        User SetOtherAccount(string number);
        User SetPasswordHistory(string pwd);
    }

3.实际建造者

实现Builder的接口用于构造和装配该产品的各个部件

 public class UserBuilder : IUserBuilder
    {
        private User user = new User();
        public UserBuilder(User user)
        {
            this.user = user;
        }
        public User SetOtherAccount(string number)
        {
            user.Accounts.Add(new OtherAccount(number));
            return user;
        }

        public User SetPasswordHistory(string pwd)
        {
            user.passwordList.Add(new PasswordHistory(pwd));
            return user;
        }

        public User SetRole(string role)
        {
            user.role = new Role(role);
            return user;
        }

        public User SetUserInfo(string name, int age)
        {
            user.Name = name;
            user.Age = age;

            return user;
        }
    }

4.指挥者

用于构造使用Builder接口的对象。

  public class DirectorBuilder
    {
        private UserBuilder userBuilder;
        public void SetBuilder(UserBuilder builder)
        {
            userBuilder = builder;
        }
        public User CreateObject(
            string name,
            int age,
            string rolename,
            string account,
            string pwd
            )
        {
            this.userBuilder.SetUserInfo(name, age);
            this.userBuilder.SetRole(rolename);
            this.userBuilder.SetOtherAccount(account);
            var resultUser = this.userBuilder.SetPasswordHistory(pwd);
            return resultUser;
        }
    }

1.0 创建建造者实例
2.0 创建指挥建造者实例
3.0 为指挥者添加工人
4.0 指挥者给工人派活去生产对象产品了
5.0 建造者工人生产完的产品打印
{"Id":"a6b05554-9e25-44e0-9165-cd6e2c8035a4","Name":"Kenny","Age":20,"role":{"RoleName":"admin"},"Accounts":[{"otherAccountNumber":"1234"}],"passwordList":[{"password":"1q2w3E*"}]}

五、建造者模式+原型模式

1.代码实现

建造者模式+原型模式

 public interface IUserBuilder
    {
        User SetUserInfo(string name, int age);
        User SetRole(string role);
        User SetOtherAccount(string number);
        User SetPasswordHistory(string pwd);
    }
    public class DirectorBuilder
    {
        private UserBuilder userBuilder;
        public void SetBuilder(UserBuilder builder)
        {
            userBuilder = builder;
        }
        public User CreateObject(
            string name,
            int age,
            string rolename,
            string account,
            string pwd
            )
        {
            this.userBuilder.SetUserInfo(name, age);
            this.userBuilder.SetRole(rolename);
            this.userBuilder.SetOtherAccount(account);
            var resultUser = this.userBuilder.SetPasswordHistory(pwd);
            return resultUser;
        }
    }

    public class UserBuilder : IUserBuilder
    {
        private User user = new User();
        public UserBuilder(User user)
        {
            this.user = user;
        }
        public User SetOtherAccount(string number)
        {
            user.Accounts.Add(new OtherAccount(number));
            return user;
        }

        public User SetPasswordHistory(string pwd)
        {
            user.passwordList.Add(new PasswordHistory(pwd));
            return user;
        }

        public User SetRole(string role)
        {
            user.role = new Role(role);
            return user;
        }

        public User SetUserInfo(string name, int age)
        {
            user.Name = name;
            user.Age = age;

            return user;
        }
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 建造者客户端
    /// </summary>
    public class ClientBuilder
    {
        public void getObject()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("1.0 创建建造者实例");
            var builder = new UserBuilder(new User());
            Console.WriteLine("2.0 创建指挥建造者实例");
            var Director = new DirectorBuilder();
            Console.WriteLine("3.0 为指挥者添加工人");
            Director.SetBuilder(builder);
            Console.WriteLine("4.0 指挥者给工人派活去生产对象产品了");
            var resultObject = Director.CreateObject("Kenny", 20, "admin", "1234", "1q2w3E*");
            Console.WriteLine("4.1 建造者工人生产完的产品打印");
            Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(resultObject));
            Console.WriteLine("4.5 将构建的对象存储到仓库");
            ptRepository.AddDictionary(resultObject.GetType().Name.ToString(), resultObject);
            Console.WriteLine("4.6 从仓库读取对象");
            var user=ptRepository.GetObjectByKey(resultObject.GetType().Name.ToString()) as User;
            Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(user));
            var cloneUser = user.GetCloneNewObject();
            Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(cloneUser));
            cloneUser.Name = "Kenny.Chen";
            cloneUser.Age = 10;
            cloneUser.Id = System.Guid.NewGuid();
            Console.WriteLine(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(cloneUser));
        }
    }
    #region Product

    /// <summary>
    /// CommonUser-Product
    /// </summary>
    public class User
    {

        public Guid Id { get; set; } = System.Guid.NewGuid();
        public string? Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public Role role { get; set; }
        public List<OtherAccount> Accounts { get; set; } = new List<OtherAccount>();
        public List<PasswordHistory> passwordList { get; set; } = new List<PasswordHistory>();
        public User GetCloneNewObject()
        {
            return (User)this.MemberwiseClone();
        }
    }
    public class Role
    {
        public Role(string role)
        {
            RoleName = role;
        }
        public string? RoleName { get; set; }
    }
    public class OtherAccount
    {
        public OtherAccount(string account)
        {
            otherAccountNumber = account;
        }
        public string otherAccountNumber { get; set; }
    }
    public class PasswordHistory
    {
        public PasswordHistory(string pwd)
        {
            password = pwd;
        }
        public string password { get; set; }
    }
    #endregion

    #region ProtoTypeRepository
    /// <summary>
    /// 原型模式仓库
    /// sealed:禁止被继承
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class ptRepository
    {
        public static Dictionary<string, object> repository = new Dictionary<string, object>();
        public static object GetObjectByKey(string key)
        {
            return repository.Where(p => p.Key.Equals(key)).FirstOrDefault().Value;
        }
        public static void AddDictionary(string key, object value)
        {
            repository.Add(key, value);
        }
    }

    #endregion

2.RunLog

1.0 创建建造者实例
2.0 创建指挥建造者实例
3.0 为指挥者添加工人
4.0 指挥者给工人派活去生产对象产品了
4.1 建造者工人生产完的产品打印
{"Id":"144ecdac-7096-4a50-82e7-9fdac1f692f6","Name":"Kenny","Age":20,"role":{"RoleName":"admin"},"Accounts":[{"otherAccountNumber":"1234"}],"passwordList":[{"password":"1q2w3E*"}]}
4.5 将构建的对象存储到仓库
4.6 从仓库读取对象
{"Id":"144ecdac-7096-4a50-82e7-9fdac1f692f6","Name":"Kenny","Age":20,"role":{"RoleName":"admin"},"Accounts":[{"otherAccountNumber":"1234"}],"passwordList":[{"password":"1q2w3E*"}]}
{"Id":"144ecdac-7096-4a50-82e7-9fdac1f692f6","Name":"Kenny","Age":20,"role":{"RoleName":"admin"},"Accounts":[{"otherAccountNumber":"1234"}],"passwordList":[{"password":"1q2w3E*"}]}
{"Id":"a3f535be-23eb-4c58-9028-e7755a470117","Name":"Kenny.Chen","Age":10,"role":{"RoleName":"admin"},"Accounts":[{"otherAccountNumber":"1234"}],"passwordList":[{"password":"1q2w3E*"}]}

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总结

优点

• 封装性好，构建和表示分离
• 扩展性好，建造类之间独立，在一定程度上进行了解耦。
• 便于控制细节，建造者可以对创建过程逐步细化，而不对其他模块产生任何影响。

缺点

• 需要多创建IBuilder和DirectorBuilder对象
• 如果产品内部发生变化，则建造者也要同步修改，后期维护成本较大。