1.方程:
两个圆方程为: ∥ X − C i ∥ 2 = r i 2 ⋯ ( 1 ) \left \| X-C_i \right \|^2=r_i^2\cdots(1) ∥X−Ci∥2=ri2⋯(1)
2.交点分析:
可以设
u
⃗
=
C
1
−
C
0
=
(
u
0
,
u
1
)
,
d
e
f
i
n
e
:
v
⃗
=
(
u
1
,
−
u
0
)
\vec{u}=C_1-C_0=(u_0,u_1),define: \vec{v}=(u_1,-u_0)
u=C1−C0=(u0,u1),define:v=(u1,−u0)
有:
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
=
∥
v
⃗
∥
2
=
∥
C
1
−
C
0
∥
2
,
u
⃗
⋅
v
⃗
=
0.
\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2=\left \| \vec{v} \right \|^2=\left \| C_1-C_0 \right \|^2,\vec{u}\cdot\vec{v}=0.
∥u∥2=∥v∥2=∥C1−C0∥2,u⋅v=0.
设交点为:
X
=
C
0
+
s
u
⃗
+
t
v
⃗
X=C_0+s\vec{u}+t\vec{v}
X=C0+su+tv,也可写作
X
=
C
1
+
(
s
−
1
)
u
⃗
+
t
v
⃗
X=C_1+(s-1)\vec{u}+t\vec{v}
X=C1+(s−1)u+tv
将上式分别带入式(1),可以得到:
(
s
2
+
t
2
)
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
=
r
0
2
⋯
(
2
)
(s^2+t^2)\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2=r_0^2\cdots(2)
(s2+t2)∥u∥2=r02⋯(2)
(
(
s
−
1
)
2
+
t
2
)
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
=
r
0
2
⋯
(
3
)
((s-1)^2+t^2)\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2=r_0^2\cdots(3)
((s−1)2+t2)∥u∥2=r02⋯(3)
(2),(3)可化简为:
s
=
1
2
(
r
0
2
−
r
1
2
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
+
1
)
⋯
(
4
)
s=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{r_0^2-r_1^2}{\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2}+1)\cdots(4)
s=21(∥u∥2r02−r12+1)⋯(4)
(4)带入(2)可得:
t
2
=
−
(
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
−
(
r
0
+
r
1
)
2
)
(
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
−
(
r
0
−
r
1
)
2
)
4
∥
u
⃗
∥
4
t^2=-\frac{( \left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2 -(r_0+r_1)^2)(\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2 -(r_0-r_1)^2)} {4 \left \| \vec{u} \right \|^4}
t2=−4∥u∥4(∥u∥2−(r0+r1)2)(∥u∥2−(r0−r1)2)
要使得上式有解,需保证分子小于0即可。
3.结论
有解条件:
(
r
0
−
r
1
)
2
≤
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
≤
(
r
0
+
r
1
)
2
(r_0-r_1)^2\le\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2 \le(r_0+r_1)^2
(r0−r1)2≤∥u∥2≤(r0+r1)2
外切:
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
=
(
r
0
+
r
1
)
2
\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2 =(r_0+r_1)^2
∥u∥2=(r0+r1)2
内切:
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
=
(
r
0
−
r
1
)
2
\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2 =(r_0-r_1)^2
∥u∥2=(r0−r1)2
两个圆是同一个圆:
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
=
0
,
r
1
=
r
0
\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2=0,r_1=r_0
∥u∥2=0,r1=r0
由(4)参数值为
s
,
t
s,t
s,t,可得解:
t
=
±
−
(
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
−
(
r
0
+
r
1
)
2
)
(
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
−
(
r
0
−
r
1
)
2
)
4
∥
u
⃗
∥
4
,
s
=
1
2
(
r
0
2
−
r
1
2
∥
u
⃗
∥
2
+
1
)
t=\pm\sqrt{-\frac{( \left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2 -(r_0+r_1)^2)(\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2 -(r_0-r_1)^2)} {4 \left \| \vec{u} \right \|^4}},s=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{r_0^2-r_1^2}{\left \| \vec{u} \right \|^2}+1)
t=±−4∥u∥4(∥u∥2−(r0+r1)2)(∥u∥2−(r0−r1)2),s=21(∥u∥2r02−r12+1)
交点为:
X
=
C
0
+
s
u
⃗
+
t
v
⃗
X=C_0+s\vec{u}+t\vec{v}
X=C0+su+tv