1.空间直线方程:
参数形式:
X
(
t
)
=
P
+
t
d
⃗
X(t)=P+t\vec{d}
X(t)=P+td
隐式方程:
n
0
⃗
⋅
X
=
c
0
,
n
1
⃗
⋅
X
=
c
1
\vec{n_0}\cdot X=c_0,\vec{n_1}\cdot X=c_1
n0⋅X=c0,n1⋅X=c1
n
0
⃗
,
n
1
⃗
\vec{n_0},\vec{n_1}
n0,n1线性无关.
1.1 隐式->参数:
任取直线上一点:P(由方程组的基础解系可以求得)。
d
⃗
=
n
0
⃗
×
n
1
⃗
\vec{d} = \vec{n_0} \times \vec{n_1}
d=n0×n1
可得参数形式:
X
(
t
)
=
P
+
t
d
⃗
X(t)=P+t\vec{d}
X(t)=P+td
1.1 case 1:
直线上一点可写作:
P
=
d
0
n
0
⃗
+
d
1
n
1
⃗
+
t
n
0
⃗
×
n
1
⃗
⋯
(
1
)
P=d_0\vec{n_0}+d_1\vec{n_1}+t\vec{n_0}\times\vec{n_1}\cdots(1)
P=d0n0+d1n1+tn0×n1⋯(1)
令
e
i
j
=
n
i
⃗
⋅
n
j
⃗
⋯
(
2
)
e_{ij}=\vec{n_i} \cdot \vec{n_j}\cdots(2)
eij=ni⋅nj⋯(2)
将(1)(2)代入隐式方程:
c
0
=
e
00
d
0
+
e
01
d
1
,
c
1
=
e
01
d
0
+
e
11
d
1
c_0=e_{00}d_0+e_{01}d_1,c_1=e_{01}d_0+e_{11}d_1
c0=e00d0+e01d1,c1=e01d0+e11d1
可以直接求解方程组得到
d
0
,
d
1
d_0,d_1
d0,d1
所以参数形式为:
X
(
t
)
=
e
11
c
0
−
e
01
c
1
e
00
e
11
−
e
01
2
n
0
⃗
+
e
00
c
1
−
e
01
c
0
e
00
e
11
−
e
01
2
n
1
⃗
+
t
n
0
⃗
×
n
1
⃗
X(t)=\frac{e_{11}c_0-e_{01}c_1}{e_{00}e_{11}-e_{01}^2}\vec{n_0}+\frac{e_{00}c_1-e_{01}c_0}{e_{00}e_{11}-e_{01}^2}\vec{n_1}+t\vec{n_0} \times \vec{n_1}
X(t)=e00e11−e012e11c0−e01c1n0+e00e11−e012e00c1−e01c0n1+tn0×n1