qemu+u-boot在镜像中读取内核启动

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 19:48:01 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 19:48:01 发布

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分类专栏： qemu 文章标签： linux qemu

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38878510/article/details/109029648

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该博客详细介绍了如何使用QEMU和U-Boot从磁盘镜像启动内核及根文件系统的步骤。首先，通过dd命令创建一个64M的空磁盘，然后使用fdisk进行分区，接着利用kpartx刷新分区并格式化。随后，将内核、设备树和根文件系统分别拷贝到对应的分区，并在U-Boot中加载内核和设备树，设置启动参数。最后，使用qemu-system-arm启动U-Boot。

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qemu+u-boot在镜像中读取内核启动

u-boot，内核，根文件系统过程就不介绍了。

Step 0 预备

下载kpartx ，路径: [http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/pool/main/m/multipath-tools/]，当前用的kpartx_0.4.9-3ubuntu5.3_amd64.deb这个版本可用，更新的版本没有尝试，最新的版本ubuntu14.04无法安装（依赖不满足）。

Step 1 创建空磁盘

这里先创建一个64M的：

dd if=/dev/zero of=./mmc bs=1M count=64

Step2 对空磁盘进行分区

可以参考博客：[https://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/3549585.html]。

sudo losetup /dev/loop0 mmc.ext4
sudo fdisk /dev/loop0

分区情况：

➜  tmp sudo fdisk /dev/loop0
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x77978d12.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
Using default value 1
First sector (2048-131071, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-131071, default 131071): +2M

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): e
Partition number (1-4, default 2): 
Using default value 2
First sector (6144-131071, default 6144): 
Using default value 6144
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (6144-131071, default 131071): 
Using default value 131071

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 5
First sector (8192-131071, default 8192): 
Using default value 8192
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (8192-131071, default 131071): +8M

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
   l   logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p): l
Adding logical partition 6
First sector (26624-131071, default 26624): 
Using default value 26624
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (26624-131071, default 131071): 
Using default value 131071

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/loop0: 67 MB, 67108864 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 8 cylinders, total 131072 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x77978d12

      Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/loop0p1            2048        6143        2048   83  Linux
/dev/loop0p2            6144      131071       62464    5  Extended
/dev/loop0p5            8192       24575        8192   83  Linux
/dev/loop0p6           26624      131071       52224   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: Invalid argument.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

利用kpartx刷新分区：

sudo kpartx -av /dev/loop0

➜  tmp sudo kpartx -av /dev/loop0
add map loop1p1 (252:4): 0 4096 linear /dev/loop0 2048
add map loop1p2 (252:5): 0 2 linear /dev/loop0 6144
add map loop1p5 : 0 16384 linear /dev/loop0 8192
add map loop1p6 : 0 104448 linear /dev/loop0 26624

格式化分区：

sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/loop0p1
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/loop0p5
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/loop0p6

Step 3 拷贝内核和设备树到分区

mkdir ttt
sudo mount /dev/mapper/loop0p5 ttt/
sudo cp img/uImage  ttt/
sudo cp img/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb  ttt/
sudo umount ttt/

Step 4 拷贝根文件系统文件到分区

sudo mount /dev/mapper/loop0p6 ttt/
sudo cp -arpf ~/mwork/busybox/rootfs/* ttt/
sudo umount ttt/
rm ttt
sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0

Step 5 qemu起u-boot

#!/bin/sh

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 1024M -kernel u-boot --nographic -append "console=ttyAMA0" -sd mmc.ext4

在u-boot输入命令起内核:

ext4load mmc 0:5 0x60400000 uImage
ext4load mmc 0:5 0x60800000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb
setenv bootargs root=/dev/mmcblk0p6 init=/linuxrc  console=ttyAMA0,38400n8
bootm 0x60400000 - 0x60800000