模板模式:定义一个算法的步骤,并允许子类为一个或多个步骤提供实现方式,让子类不改变算法结构的条件下,重新定义算法中的某些步骤
优点:抽取公共方法,便于维护,符合开闭原则(对修改关闭,对扩展放开)
缺点:有很多实现类,类增多,使系统庞大
流程图:
定义模板类,模板方法为final不可被子类重写,定义抽象方法被子类实现
public abstract class Game {
//模板方法
public void play(){
//初始化游戏
initialize();
//开始游戏
startPlay();
//结束游戏
endPlay();
}
abstract void initialize();
abstract void startPlay();
abstract void endPlay();
}
创建第一个扩展实现类
public class FootBall extends Game {
@Override
void initialize() {
System.out.println("FootBall Game finished");
}
@Override
void startPlay() {
System.out.println("Football Game Start playing");
}
@Override
void endPlay() {
System.out.println("Football Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
}
}
创建第二个实现类
public class Cricket extends Game {
@Override
void initialize() {
System.out.println("Cricket Game finished");
}
@Override
void startPlay() {
System.out.println("Cricket Game Start playing");
}
@Override
void endPlay() {
System.out.println("Cricket Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
}
}
调用Game的模板方法play()
public static void main(String[] args) {
Game footBall = new FootBall();
footBall.play();
Game cricket = new Cricket();
cricket.play();
}