Ubuntu安装NVIDIA显卡驱动

温晨星

已于 2024-03-15 19:08:33 修改

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分类专栏： Install Linux 文章标签： ubuntu linux

于 2024-02-25 16:16:06 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39244242/article/details/136282614

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在Ubuntu上查看电脑显卡型号以及下载对应的驱动，可以按照以下步骤进行：

1：查看显卡型号：

打开终端（Terminal）。
输入命令 lspci | grep -i vga 或者 lspci | grep -i nvidia（如果是NVIDIA显卡），然后按Enter键。这将列出与显卡相关的信息。
在输出信息中，查找显卡型号。通常，显卡型号会显示在类似于“VGA compatible controller”或“NVIDIA Corporation”的行中。

wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$  lspci | grep -i vga 
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 [GeForce GTX 1660 SUPER] (rev a1)
wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$  lspci | grep -i nvidia
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 [GeForce GTX 1660 SUPER] (rev a1)
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
01:00.2 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 USB 3.1 Host Controller (rev a1)
01:00.3 Serial bus controller [0c80]: NVIDIA Corporation TU116 [GeForce GTX 1650 SUPER] (rev a1)

2：下载对应驱动：

访问NVIDIA官方网站 https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us
在网站上选择适当的显卡型号和操作系统（Ubuntu及其版本）。
下载与你的显卡型号和Ubuntu版本相匹配的驱动程序。通常，这会是一个.run文件。
在这里插入图片描述

3. 更新系统和安装依赖

打开终端，输入以下命令：

sudo apt update  
sudo apt upgrade  
sudo apt install gcc g++ make

4. 禁用Nouveau

Nouveau是一个开源的显卡驱动，与NVIDIA的官方驱动冲突。在安装NVIDIA驱动之前，需要禁用它

编辑黑名单文件：

sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

在文件末尾添加以下行：

blacklist nouveau  
options nouveau modeset=0

保存并关闭文件。然后更新initramfs并重启：

sudo update-initramfs -u  
sudo reboot

5: 停止图形界面:

在重启后，界面为黑色，进入命令行模式（通常可以按Ctrl+Alt+F2或其他F键）。登录到你的用户账户

在这里插入图片描述

6: 安装NVIDIA驱动:

首先，你可能需要停止lightdm或gdm服务（取决于你使用的显示管理器）
wenchenxing@wenchenxing-virtual-machine:~/Downloads$ sudo service lightdm stop
wenchenxing@wenchenxing-virtual-machine:~/Downloads$ ls
NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-535.86.05.run
wenchenxing@wenchenxing-virtual-machine:~/Downloads$ chmod a+x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.54.16.run
wenchenxing@wenchenxing-virtual-machine:~/Downloads$ sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-550.54.16.run
Verifying archive integrity… OK

在这里插入图片描述

一直 enter

7:重启并验证

安装完成后，重启你的计算机：
sudo reboot
重启后，你可以通过运行以下命令来验证NVIDIA驱动是否正确安装：

nvidia-smi
如果一切正常，这个命令应该会显示关于你的NVIDIA显卡的信息。

wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$ nvidia-smi
Sun Feb 25 16:00:23 2024       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.14              Driver Version: 550.54.14      CUDA Version: 12.4     |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 ...    Off |   00000000:01:00.0  On |                  N/A |
| 30%   42C    P8              7W /  125W |     211MiB /   6144MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|    0   N/A  N/A      1097      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                             35MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A      1776      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                             47MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A      1908      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                          118MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

报错：NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn’t communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$ sudo nvidia-smi
[sudo] password for wcx: 
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

原因： Ubuntu更新后导致内核不兼容导致

查看Ubuntu更新
wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$ uname -a
Linux wcx-Ubuntu 5.15.0-100-generic #110~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Feb 13 14:25:03 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

检查cuda是否存在

wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$ nvcc --version
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2019 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Sun_Jul_28_19:07:16_PDT_2019
Cuda compilation tools, release 10.1, V10.1.243

查看已安装驱动版本

wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$ ls /usr/src/ | grep nvidia
nvidia-550.54.14

安装dkms 可以做到内核变更后自动编译模块，适配新内核

wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$ sudo apt install dkms
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  dctrl-tools
Suggested packages:
  debtags menu
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  dctrl-tools dkms
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 11 not upgraded.
Need to get 128 kB of archives.
After this operation, 599 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 dctrl-tools amd64 2.24-3 [61.5 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 dkms all 2.8.1-5ubuntu2 [66.8 kB]
Fetched 128 kB in 1s (105 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package dctrl-tools.
(Reading database ... 213981 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../dctrl-tools_2.24-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking dctrl-tools (2.24-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package dkms.
Preparing to unpack .../dkms_2.8.1-5ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking dkms (2.8.1-5ubuntu2) ...
Setting up dctrl-tools (2.24-3) ...
Setting up dkms (2.8.1-5ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...

使用dkms重新编译当前驱动适配当前内核

wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$ sudo dkms install -m nvidia -v 550.54.14

Creating symlink /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/550.54.14/source ->
                 /usr/src/nvidia-550.54.14

DKMS: add completed.

Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

Building module:
cleaning build area...
'make' -j16 NV_EXCLUDE_BUILD_MODULES='' KERNEL_UNAME=5.15.0-100-generic modules..........
Signing module:
Generating a new Secure Boot signing key:
Can't load /var/lib/shim-signed/mok/.rnd into RNG
140081268356416:error:2406F079:random number generator:RAND_load_file:Cannot open file:../crypto/rand/randfile.c:98:Filename=/var/lib/shim-signed/mok/.rnd
Generating a RSA private key
.................................+++++
......................................+++++
writing new private key to '/var/lib/shim-signed/mok/MOK.priv'
-----
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/550.54.14/5.15.0-100-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia.ko
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/550.54.14/5.15.0-100-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia-modeset.ko
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/550.54.14/5.15.0-100-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia-peermem.ko
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/550.54.14/5.15.0-100-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia-drm.ko
 - /var/lib/dkms/nvidia/550.54.14/5.15.0-100-generic/x86_64/module/nvidia-uvm.ko
Secure Boot not enabled on this system.
cleaning build area...

DKMS: build completed.

nvidia.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.15.0-100-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-uvm.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.15.0-100-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-modeset.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.15.0-100-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-drm.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.15.0-100-generic/updates/dkms/

nvidia-peermem.ko:
Running module version sanity check.
 - Original module
   - No original module exists within this kernel
 - Installation
   - Installing to /lib/modules/5.15.0-100-generic/updates/dkms/

depmod..........

DKMS: install completed.

nvidia-smi

wcx@wcx-Ubuntu:~/Desktop$ nvidia-smi
Fri Mar 15 18:23:27 2024       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 550.54.14              Driver Version: 550.54.14      CUDA Version: 12.4     |
|-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
|=========================================+========================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1660 ...    Off |   00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| 21%   50C    P0             31W /  125W |       0MiB /   6144MiB |      0%      Default |
|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
                                                                                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                              |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                              GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                               Usage      |
|=========================================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                             |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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Ubuntu安装NVIDIA显卡驱动

输入命令 lspci | grep -i vga 或者 lspci | grep -i nvidia（如果是NVIDIA显卡），然后按Enter键。在输出信息中，查找显卡型号。通常，显卡型号会显示在类似于“VGA compatible controller”或“NVIDIA Corporation”的行中。Nouveau是一个开源的显卡驱动，与NVIDIA的官方驱动冲突。下载与你的显卡型号和Ubuntu版本相匹配的驱动程序。如果一切正常，这个命令应该会显示关于你的NVIDIA显卡的信息。
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