VNC Viewer 远程连接 Ubuntu 不显示桌面，也没有菜单栏（menu）（程序边栏）

前言

这次使用VNC Viewer远程连接Ubuntu 14.04 系统之路并不顺畅。根据之前的博客，能够顺利连接上，但是连上之后发现没有菜单栏（menu）（有没有桌面我也忘了）。花了很久时间才解决，在此记录之。

几条原则

在此过程中，针对该类问题总结出了几条原则：

• 不要同时装几个桌面软件，在装新的之前，最好把前一个桌面软件卸载干净；
• 找对正确的参考文献很重要，找参考文献要：1）系统对的上，即都是Ubuntu 14.04，2）有操作过程截图的要靠谱一点；
• 学会看日志。 .vnc/ 下面的log要多看，里面都记录了诸如报错之类的问题；
• 不要打开太多网页，感觉有时候看的文献一多，反而迷失，在看了超过3个网页之后，如果还没有找到方案，还没有思路，这时候应该缓一缓，多思考，而不是一个劲的胡乱尝试（这是很危险的，容易越陷越深） （这个是general principle）

场景

我的VNC Viewer连接服务器上的Ubuntu 14.04 的过程是按照我之前的博客来的：

• 本地Windows远程连接阿里云服务器图形界面（使用vnc viewer） （主要参考）
• 详解：在windows上远程控制Ubuntu （次要参考）
• Windows上通过ssh和VNC Viewer分别连接本地Ubuntu（WSL）的终端和图形界面 （次要参考）

但是这次却和本地Windows远程连接阿里云服务器图形界面（使用vnc viewer） 里面显示的桌面不一样。没有菜单栏，中间甚至还有灰屏的情况。

解决方案第一步——清空过往package

由于我尝试了很多方法，安装了包括vncserver, vnc4server, tightvncserver, vino, gdm, LXDE, gnome, xfce4 等等等等package。。。

所以整个就乱套了。所以不得不清空一波。

具体的相关指令如下（仅供参考）：

# find all vnc-related folder
sudo find / -iname "*vnc*"    # No.1

# rm files
rm .xsession-errors 
rm .Xauthority
rm .Xresources
rm /etc/alternatives/vncconfig

# rm xrdp
sudo dpkg -P xrdp

# purge packages about xfce4
sudo apt-get purge xfconf xfce4-utils xfwm4 xfce4-session xfdesktop4 exo-utils xfce4-panel xfce4-terminal  thunar
sudo apt-get remove xfce4-*
sudo apt-get autoremove

# find vnc-related packages already installed 
dpkg -l | grep vnc	# No.2
dpkg -P remmina-plugin-vnc
dpkg -P libvncserver0

# find and rm server-related packages already installed 
dpkg -l | grep server	# No.3
dpkg -l | grep x-
sudo apt-get purge xserver-*
sudo dpkg -P x11-xfs-utils
sudo dpkg -P vino
sudo dpkg -P xinit

# reboot for refreshing (seems not necessary)
sudo reboot

# auto-remove vnc4server
sudo apt-get remove vnc4server	# No.4
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove vnc4server
sudo apt-get purge vnc4server
sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove vnc4server

# auto-remove other packages
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove xvnc4viewer  
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove tightvncviewer 
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove vncviewer
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove xinit

# find and rm server-related packages already installed 
dpkg -l |grep desktop	# No.5
grep installed /var/log/dpkg.log | grep xdg-utils  # show installed time	# No.6
sudo apt-get remove unity-*
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove LXDE
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove desktop-*
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove gnome-panel 
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove gnome-settings-daemon 
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove metacity 
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove nautilus 
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove gnome-terminal
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove remmina-plugin-rdp
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove lxmenu-data

# also rm 
sudo dpkg -P desktop-base

P.S. 从 # No.1 到 # No.6 是几个关键的查找指令（已标注在上面代码中）。

运行完这些指令之后，我感觉基本就算清理的差不多了。

在此过程中参考了一些文献：

• How to remove tightvncserver from Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr) （这个–auto-remove 很有用）
• How to completely uninstall applications by command line in Ubuntu 这个也很有用
• How To Uninstall vnc4server On Ubuntu 15.04 也很有用
• How to find out when Debian or Ubuntu package installed or updated 显示package 安装时间的，还可以。
• How to uninstall Real VNC in Ubuntu 14.04
• How do I remove XFCE from my computer?
• How do I remove vncserver?

解决方案第二部——重新配置vnc

主要参考：

• Installation of VNC server on Ubuntu

（补充：How to install VNC server on ubuntu 14.04似乎更加详细，但是暂时没用上。）

期间稍作修改，具体如下：
1）安装Ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop gnome-panel gnome-settings-daemon metacity nautilus gnome-terminal gnome-core

2）安装vnc4server：
sudo apt-get install vnc4server

3）修改配置：
我没有修改：/usr/bin/vncserver文件，而是直接vncserver，然后需要输入密码，然后会自动创建~/.vnc/文件夹，包含xstartup可执行文件，因此，我直接修改这个xstartup文件，删除其中原有内容，添加新内容如下：

#!/bin/sh

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &
gnome-panel &
gnome-settings-daemon &
metacity &
nautilus &
gnome-terminal &

3.1）我还做了如下修改，运行：

sudo cp -rf .local .local-bk   # original owner: root, and seems save some files for python3.6, and also some other files. 
sudo chown -R apr:apr .local

不然的话，.vnc/下的log会提示permission的错误。

4）添加alias，nano ~/.bashrc，在末尾添加如下行：

alias vkill='vncserver -kill :1'
alias vnc2='vncserver :1'
alias vnc='vncserver :1 -geometry 1920x1080'

然后 . ~/.bashrc 使其生效。（往后可以直接运行vkill停止vnc进程，以及直接运行vnc或者vnc2来开启vnc，很方便）

5）运行 vnc，然后得到界面如下（菜单栏已经出现）：

至此，菜单栏已经出现。

TODO：打不开system setting

查看log显示：

(gnome-control-center.real:27532): Gdk-ERROR **: The program 'gnome-control-center.real' received an X Window System error.
This probably reflects a bug in the program.
The error was 'BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation)'.
  (Details: serial 136 error_code 1 request_code 149 (RANDR) minor_code 8)
  (Note to programmers: normally, X errors are reported asynchronously;
   that is, you will receive the error a while after causing it.
   To debug your program, run it with the GDK_SYNCHRONIZE environment
   variable to change this behavior. You can then get a meaningful
   backtrace from your debugger if you break on the gdk_x_error() function.)
XIO:  fatal IO error 11 (Resource temporarily unavailable) on X server ":1"
      after 156 requests (154 known processed) with 0 events remaining.

大概知道解决方案在这个网页中：

• [SOLVED] Gnome 3.8 apps crash with X Window System Error

I did a little test:
- upgraded to xorg 1.14
- switched from catalyst to xf86-video-ati drive

Most of the errors dissappeared (GOA still crashes).
But now i can only see message tray using keyboard shortcut (super + m). I read that I need to move my mouse fast to the botton edge of my screen - does not work - instead it show up randomly when i moved mouse near the bottom edge.
I don't want to use the open source drivers (slow and laggy with multi monitor setup I'm using). I hope gnome devs will fix this bugs soon.

SOLUTION (to still use catalyst):
I found out that this is an Xorg 1.12 bug.
Bug: http://lists.debian.org/debian-x/2012/12/msg00133.html

To solve this use patch from this bugreport to compile xorg 1.12
I used this aur packages:
1. https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/xf86-input-evdev1.12/
2. https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/xorg-server1.12/ - I have edited PKGBUILD to include patch from bug report above

PKGBUILD and patch:
https://gist.github.com/winglot/5450630

另外还有次要参考：Gdk-ERROR **: The program ‘_______’ received an X Window System error

但是我嫌麻烦，算了。以后有需要再说吧。

小结

最坑我的要数这个文献：Vnc Ubuntu 14.04 destop don’t show menus icon 这是造成我后续数个小时挣扎的起源。这里面是这样配置的~/.vnc/xstartup的：

#!/bin/sh

unset SESSION_MANAGER
/etc/X11/xinint/

xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
#x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
x-window-manager &
# Fix to make GNOME work
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
#/etc/X11/Xsession

gnome-session --session=gnome-fallback &

里面的：/etc/X11/xinint/是个错别字，xinint应该改为xinit。而且就算改了，从.vnc/ 下的log以及连接的界面来看发现也还是有问题，总之问题多多，后面就陆续参考了其他文献，都失败了。这里简要列举一部分文献：

• 怎么卸载ubuntu 14.04 的 xubuntu桌面
• vnc4server: Normal desktop permission prob with xinitrc
• Ubuntu Server VNC Server - Gray Screen
• TightVNC
• vnc grey screen (16.04, tightvnc, xfce4) : SOLVED
• [SOLVED] TightVNC just gives a gray screen with an X cursor
• tightvncserver on Xubuntu gives gray screen when logged in
• VNC
• How to properly configure xstartup file for TightVNC with Ubuntu VPS GNOME environment
• Vncserver with Google cloud instance
• VNC Performance issue #93
• Solid gray screen with x-cursor when trying to VNC connect to raspberry pi 3
• vncserver remote session grey screen ubuntu 16.04
• “CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry…”
• vncserver grey screen ubuntu 16.04 LTS
• VNC server not showing icons in Ubuntu 18.04
• TIghtVNC stopped working. Grey screen with X cursor…
• gray screen when i startx
• VNC viewer grey screen since upgrade to Ubuntu 14.04 from Ubuntu 12
• Default Ubuntu Desktop with TightVnc and Windows Linux Subsystem
• Started tightvncserver on Ubuntu, but viewer complains about missing .xsession file
• How to make VNC Server work with ubuntu-desktop without xfce
• vnc grey screen (16.04, tightvnc, xfce4) : SOLVED
• Couldn’t start Xtightvnc trying default font path - VNCServer