JAVA 基于executor_java相关：基于ScheduledExecutorService的两种方法(详解)

java相关：基于ScheduledExecutorService的两种方法(详解)

发布于 2020-2-26|

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开发中，往往遇到另起线程执行其他代码的情况，用java定时任务接口ScheduledExecutorService来实现。ScheduledExecutorService是基于线程池设计的定时任务类，每个调度任务都会分配到线程池中的一个线程去执行，也就是说，任务是并发执行，互不影响。注意，只有当调度任务来的时候，ScheduledExecutorService才会真正启动一个线程，其余时间ScheduledExecutorService都是处于轮询任务的状态。1.scheduleAtFixedRate方法例子：

```xhtml

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class ScheduleAtFixedRateDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);

SimpleDateFormat df =

new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");//设置日期格式

executorService.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable(){

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++thread:" + df.format(new Date()));

}

}, 2, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++main:" + df.format(new Date()));

}

}

```

运行结果：

```xhtml

++++++++++++++++++++main:2017-10-20 15:20:52

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:20:54

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:20:57

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:21:00

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:21:03

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:21:06

```

可以看出来，在2s后，子线程开始执行，并且每过3s轮询执行一次。2.scheduleWithFixedDelay方法例子：

```xhtml

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**

* ScheduleWithFixedDelay的用法

* @author Administrator

*

*/

public class ScheduleWithFixedDelayDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ScheduledExecutorService executorService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);

SimpleDateFormat df =

new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");//设置日期格式

executorService.scheduleWithFixedDelay(new Runnable(){

@Override

public void run() {

System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++thread:" + df.format(new Date()));

}

}, 2, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

System.out.println("++++++++++++++++++++main:" + df.format(new Date()));

}

}

```

运行结果：

```xhtml

++++++++++++++++++++main:2017-10-20 15:24:32

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:24:34

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:24:37

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:24:40

++++++++++++++++++++thread:2017-10-20 15:24:43

```

3.两个区别ScheduleAtFixedRate每次执行时间为上一次任务开始起向后推一个时间间隔，即每次执行时间为initialDelay，initialDelay+period，initialDelay+2*period。。。。。ScheduleWithFixedDelay每次执行时间为上一次任务结束起向后推一个时间间隔，即每次执行时间为：initialDelay，initialDelay+executeTime+delay，initialDelay+2*executeTime+2*delay。。。。。由此可见，ScheduleAtFixedRate是基于固定时间间隔进行任务调度，ScheduleWithFixedDelay取决于每次任务执行的时间长短，是基于不固定时间间隔进行任务调度。