11 04 结构体数组（rewind(stdin)、getchar()、BUFSIZ）

11 04 结构体数组
C语言中的输入输出流和缓冲区（重点）详解
解释：为什么scanf被跳过或不执行

缓冲区

fflush(stdout);//过期
rewind(stdin);//清空缓存区
getchar();//本文件用来吃掉\n
printf("%d\n", BUFSIZ);//缓冲区大小，512B

好多人都会遇到这问题，因为scanf没读完所有缓存中的信息。把回车剩外面了，被下次的scanf接收到了。
缓冲区就像菜鸟驿站，协调用户（零零散散来拿）和快递员（一次处理很多件），一个慢，一个快的问题。
分为全、行、不带缓冲区，scanf遇到的问题属于行缓冲区

01 问题：for循环 输入次数和scanf对应不上

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct students
{
	char name[21];
	unsigned int age;
	char tel[16];
	float scores[3];
	char sex;
};

void main()
{
	struct students stu[2];
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("姓名，年龄，电话，语文成绩，数学成绩，英语成绩，性别\n");
		scanf("%s", stu[i].name);
		scanf("%d", &stu[i].age);
		scanf("%s", stu[i].tel);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[0]);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[1]);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[2]);
		scanf("%c", &stu[i].sex);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].name);
		printf("%d\n", stu[i].age);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].tel);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[0]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[1]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[2]);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].sex == 'M' ? "男" : "女");
	}

	system("pause");
}

01 01 原因：%c会直接读取缓冲区上一个字符

01 02 方法一：getchar()吃掉\n

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct students
{
	char name[21];
	unsigned int age;
	char tel[16];
	float scores[3];
	char sex;
};

void main()
{
	struct students stu[2];
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("姓名，年龄，电话，语文成绩，数学成绩，英语成绩，性别\n");
		scanf("%s", stu[i].name);
		scanf("%d", &stu[i].age);
		scanf("%s", stu[i].tel);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[0]);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[1]);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[2]);
		scanf("%c", &stu[i].sex);
		
		getchar();
	}
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].name);
		printf("%d\n", stu[i].age);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].tel);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[0]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[1]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[2]);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].sex == 'M' ? "男" : "女");
	}

	system("pause");
}

01 03 方法二：rewind(stdin)清空缓存区

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct students
{
	char name[21];
	unsigned int age;
	char tel[16];
	float scores[3];
	char sex;
};

void main()
{
	struct students stu[2];
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("姓名，年龄，电话，语文成绩，数学成绩，英语成绩，性别\n");
		scanf("%s", stu[i].name);
		scanf("%d", &stu[i].age);
		scanf("%s", stu[i].tel);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[0]);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[1]);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[2]);
		scanf("%c", &stu[i].sex);
		
		rewind(stdin);
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].name);
		printf("%d\n", stu[i].age);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].tel);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[0]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[1]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[2]);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].sex == 'M' ? "男" : "女");
	}

	system("pause");
}

//printf("%d\n", BUFSIZ);

02 问题：scanf输入所有信息，第2个scanf时出错

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct students
{
	char name[21];
	unsigned int age;
	char tel[16];
	float scores[3];
	char sex;
};

void main()
{
	struct students stu[2];

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("姓名，年龄，电话，语文成绩，数学成绩，英语成绩，性别\n");
		scanf("%s%d%s%f%f%f%c", stu[i].name, &stu[i].age, stu[i].tel, &stu[i].scores[0], &stu[i].scores[1], &stu[i].scores[2], &stu[i].sex);
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].name);
		printf("%d\n", stu[i].age);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].tel);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[0]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[1]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[2]);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].sex == 'M' ? "男" : "女");
	}

	system("pause");
}

02 01 原因：%c读取了空格’F’，导致后面的顺延乱码

02 02 方法一：getchar()吃掉\n

02 03 方法二：rewind(stdin)清空缓存区

02 04 方法三：规定输入,

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct students
{
	char name[21];
	unsigned int age;
	char tel[16];
	float scores[3];
	char sex;
};

void main()
{
	struct students stu[2];

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("姓名，年龄，电话，语文成绩，数学成绩，英语成绩，性别\n");
		scanf("%s%d%s%f%f%f,%c", stu[i].name, &stu[i].age, stu[i].tel, &stu[i].scores[0], &stu[i].scores[1], &stu[i].scores[2], &stu[i].sex);
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].name);
		printf("%d\n", stu[i].age);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].tel);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[0]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[1]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[2]);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].sex == 'M' ? "男" : "女");
	}

	system("pause");
}

03 BUFSIZ 512B 缓冲区大小

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

struct students
{
	char name[21];
	unsigned int age;
	char tel[16];
	float scores[3];
	char sex;
};

void main()
{
	struct students stu[1];
	
	for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
		printf("姓名，年龄，电话，语文成绩，数学成绩，英语成绩，性别\n");
		scanf("%s", stu[i].name);
		scanf("%d", &stu[i].age);
		scanf("%s", stu[i].tel);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[0]);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[1]);
		scanf("%f", &stu[i].scores[2]);
		scanf("%*c", &stu[i].sex);
		printf("%d\n", BUFSIZ);
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].name);
		printf("%d\n", stu[i].age);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].tel);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[0]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[1]);
		printf("%.1f\n", stu[i].scores[2]);
		printf("%s\n", stu[i].sex == 'M' ? "男" : "女");
	}

	system("pause");
}